er

Laefevian

Alternative forms

• el (when followed by l or hl)

Etymology

From Proto-Laenkean *hæjzi. Cognate with Radestrian er.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /er/ [ˈer̥]

Preposition

er

1. (relational) about (used to express the topic or object of speech, text, thought or similar)

   Er minun rinsolevvan?

   What are you thinking about?

Usage notes

• When followed by a personal pronoun, er may combine with the pronoun to produce the following forms:

Combined forms of er
Singular		Dual*		Plural		Reflexive
+ vynyn	erven	+ þiros	erþos	+ angwos	ergwos	+ angun	ergen
		+ þidos	erdos	+ njundos	erdos
+ sundun	ersen	+ fuljos	erfos	+ sarros	erros
+ janun	erjen	+ landos	ellos	+ laros	ellos
+ aldun	ellen	+ lundos	ellos	+ aljos	elljos
*Note: Combined forms of the dual pronouns are rarely used; non-combined forms are preferred.

Radestrian

Alternative forms

• -er (pronominal enclitic)
• -ger (pronominal enclitic after -n)
• -ir (pronominal enclitic after -a)
• -jer (pronominal enclitic after any other vowel)

Etymology

From Middle Radestrian hêri, heri, êri, eri, from Old Radestrian hêri, inherited from Proto-Radic *hêri, from Proto-Hirdic *hɛ̄́zi, from Proto-Laenkean *hæjzi. Cognate with Laefevian er.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛr/
• Rhyme: -ɛr ⁽²⁾

Preposition

er

1. (spatial) on, at

   erja loráleva

   on the table

   erja revacen

   at the roundabout

2. (spatial) onto, to
3. (temporal) at (clock time) [with dative]

   sjavair·dríga-ir

   at 18:00

Usage notes

• Refers to horizontal (superior) surfaces and unbound spaces.
• When followed by the definite article, er combines with the article to produce the following forms:

Combined forms of er
+ a	+ a'	+ ag	+ ai	+ i	+ u
erja	erja'	erjag	erjai	unchanged (er i)	erju

• The enclitic form is used in combination with weak pronominal complements:

Combined pronominal forms of er
case	personal											interrogative- existential		demonstrative		quantifier
	SG				PL					REFL	RECP	ANIM	INAN	PROX	DIST	collective		indefinite		general indefinite
	1	2	3		1		2	3								ANIM	INAN	ANIM	INAN	ANIM	INAN
			ANIM	INAN	INCL	EXCL		ANIM	INAN
[with dative]	ven-ger	ran-ger	vân-ger	van-ger	dzmen-ger	dzatun-ger	sján-ger	vjen-ger	vain-ger	dzil-la	dzjen-ger	bjá-la	bin-ger	ka-la	oka-ir	vá-la	uva-ir	bá-la	bun-ger	bjá-la-vá	bin-ger-vá
[with accusative]	vest-er	rast-er	vâst-er	vast-er	dzmed-er	dzatud-er	sjád-er	vjed-er	vaid-er	dzist-er	dzjed-er	bjást-er	bist-er	kad-er	okad-er	vaost-er	utad-er	byest-er	bust-er	bjást-er-vá	bist-er-vá

See also

Radestrian spatial prepositions
space	position	goal	source	transit
exterior	lara [genitive] outside	lara [accusative] outside	allara [genitive] from outside	ýra [accusative] past, by
interior (bound space)	la [dative] in, at	la [accusative] into, to	an [genitive] out, from	ý [accusative] through
immersion	tí [instrumental] between, amidst, in	latí [accusative] between, into	antí [genitive] from between, out
establishment	sje [dative] at	sá [dative] to	tí [accusative] from
boundary	ní [instrumental] by, at, beside			ynan [dative] along
plane (unbound space)	er [dative] on, at	er [accusative] onto, to		ý [accusative] through
superior surface			ha [genitive] off	teșa [genitive] across, over
vertical/inferior surface	yn [dative] on	yn [accusative] onto	an [genitive] off	ynan [dative] across, along
company	vas [instrumental] with
absence	ir [accusative] without
centre	ralga [genitive] in the middle of	lavas [accusative] into the middle of	anvas [genitive] from the middle of	ervas [dative] around
anterior	svíma [dative] in front of, before, opposite	svíma [accusative] towards, against	ansvíma [genitive] from in front of
posterior	ha [dative] behind, after	ha [accusative] behind, after	ana [genitive] from behind
superior	fje [dative] above	fje [accusative] above	anfje [genitive] from above
inferior	taon [dative] below	taon [accusative] below	andaon [genitive] from below
vicinity	nvieru [genitive] near			hjeral [genitive] around

Radestrian temporal prepositions
before	time frame			after
	beginning	point of reference	end
svíma [dative] before, ago	tí [instrumental] within, in			ha [dative] after, in
	an [genitive] from (… on)	ha [accusative] for
	an [genitive] since, for		yn [accusative] until, by, for
		ý [accusative] during
		sje [dative] at, with, upon (event)
		er [dative] at (clock time)
		la [dative] on (day), in (month)