er

Laefevian

Alternative forms

• el (when followed by l or hl)

Etymology

From Proto-Laenkean *hæjzi. Cognate with Radestrian er.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /er/ [ˈer̥]
• Rhyme: -er ⁽⁴⁾

Preposition

er

1. (relational) about [with locative] (used to express the topic or object of speech, text, thought or similar)

   Er minun rinsolevvan?

   What are you thinking about?

Usage notes

• When followed by a personal pronoun, er may combine with the pronoun to produce the following forms:

Combined forms of er
Singular		Dual*		Plural		Reflexive
+ vynyn	erven	+ þiros	erþos	+ angwos	ergwos	+ angun	ergen
		+ þidos	erðos	+ njundos	erdos
+ sundun	ersen	+ fuljos	erfos	+ sarros	erros
+ janun	erjen	+ landos	ellos	+ laros	ellos
+ aldun	ellen	+ lundos	ellos	+ aljos	elljos
*Note: Combined forms of the dual pronouns are rarely used; non-combined forms are preferred.

Radestrian

Alternative forms

• -er (pronominal enclitic)
• -ger (pronominal enclitic after -n)
• -ir (pronominal enclitic after -a)
• -jer (pronominal enclitic after any other vowel)

Etymology

From Middle Radestrian hêri, heri, êri, eri, from Old Radestrian hêri, inherited from Proto-Radic *hêri, from Proto-Hirdic *hɛ̄́zi, from Proto-Laenkean *hæjzi. Cognate with Laefevian er.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛr/
• Rhyme: -ɛr ⁽²⁾

Preposition

er

1. (spatial) on, at [with dative]

   erja loráleva

   on the table

   erja revacen

   at the roundabout

2. (spatial) onto, to [with accusative]
3. (spatial) in (a settlement) [with dative]

   Er Pariva vage.

   I'm in Paris.

4. (spatial) to (a settlement) [with accusative]
5. (temporal with -'s for 12h clock) at (clock time) [with dative]

   er ara’s

   at one o’clock

   er sjavair·dríga

   at 18:00

Usage notes

• Refers to horizontal (superior) surfaces and unbound spaces.
• When followed by the definite article, er combines with the article to produce the following forms:

Combined forms of er
+ a	+ a'	+ ag	+ ai	+ i	+ u
erja	erja'	erjag	erjai	unchanged (er i)	erju

• The enclitic form is used in combination with weak pronominal complements:

Combined pronominal forms of er
case	personal
	SG				PL					REFL	RECP
	1	2	3		1		2	3
			ANIM	INAN	INCL	EXCL		ANIM	INAN
	ú	re	vâs	vara	dzun	dzate	sjáște	vír	vara	dzist	dzjed
[dative]	venger /ˈvɛŋɡɛr/	ranger /ˈraŋɡɛr/	vânger /ˈvɤŋɡɛr/	vanger /ˈvaŋɡɛr/	dzmenger /ˈdzmɛŋɡɛr/	dzatunger /ˈdzatɤŋɡɛr/	sjánger /ˈʃaːŋɡɛr/	vjenger /ˈvjɛŋɡɛr/	vainger /ˈvaiŋɡɛr/	dzinger /ˈdziŋɡɛr/	dzjenger /ˈdʒɛŋɡɛr/
[accusative]	vester /ˈvɛstɛr/	raster /ˈrastɛr/	vâster /ˈvɤstɛr/	vaster /ˈvastɛr/	dzmeder /ˈdzmɛdɛr/	dzatûder /ˈdzatɤdɛr/	sjáder /ˈʃaːdɛr/	vjeder /ˈvjɛdɛr/	vaider /ˈvaidɛr/	dzister /ˈdzistɛr/	dzjeder /ˈdʒɛdɛr/
case	number	interrogative- existential		demonstrative		quantifier
		ANIM	INAN	PROX	DIST	indefinite		general indefinite		collective
						ANIM	INAN	ANIM	INAN	ANIM	INAN
		bjaș	bjar	kjes	okjes	baus	bvar	bjaș-á	bjar-á	vaus	var
[dative]	SG	bjájer /ˈbjaːjɛr/	binger /ˈbiŋɡɛr/	kair /kair/	okair /ˈɔkair/	bájer /ˈbaːjɛr/	bunger /ˈbɤŋɡɛr/	bjájer-á /ˈbjaːjɛraː/	binger-á /ˈbiŋɡɛraː/	vájer /ˈvaːjɛr/	uvair /ˈuvair/
	PL	bjainger /ˈbjaiŋɡɛr/	bjenger /ˈbjɛŋɡɛr/	tenger /ˈtɛŋɡɛr/	otenger /ɔˈtɛŋɡɛr/	baunger /ˈbauŋɡɛr/	bønger /ˈbœŋɡɛr/	bjainger-á /ˈbjaiŋɡɛraː/	bjenger-á /ˈbjɛŋɡɛraː/
[accusative]	SG	bjáster /ˈbjaːstɛr/	bister /ˈbistɛr/	kader /ˈkadɛr/	okader /ˈɔkadɛr/	byester /ˈbiestɛr/	buster /ˈbɤstɛr/	bjáster-á /ˈbjaːstɛraː/	bister-á /ˈbistɛraː/	vaoster /ˈvɔːstɛr/	utader /ˈutadɛr/
	PL	bjaider /ˈbjaidɛr/	bjeder /ˈbjɛdɛr/	teder /ˈtɛdɛr/	oteder /ˈɔtɛdɛr/	bauder /ˈbaudɛr/	bøder /ˈbœdɛr/	bjaider-á /ˈbjaidɛraː/	bjeder-á /ˈbjɛdɛraː/

Derived terms

• er-

Related terms

• hjáre-

See also

Radestrian spatial prepositions
space	position	goal	source	transit
exterior	lara [genitive] outside	lara [accusative] outside	allara [genitive] from outside	ýra [accusative] past, by
interior (bound space)	la [dative] in, at	la [accusative] into, to	an [genitive] out, from	ý [accusative] through
immersion	tí [instrumental] between, amidst, in	latí [accusative] between, into	antí [genitive] from between, out
establishment	sje [dative] at	sá [dative] to	tí [accusative] from
boundary	ní [instrumental] by, at, beside			ynan [dative] along
plane (unbound space)	er [dative] on, at	er [accusative] onto, to		ý [accusative] through
superior surface			ha [genitive] off	teșa [genitive] across, over
vertical/inferior surface	yn [dative] on	yn [accusative] onto	an [genitive] off	ynan [dative] across, along
company	vas [instrumental] with
absence	ir [accusative] without
centre	ralga [genitive] in the middle of	lavas [accusative] into the middle of	anvas [genitive] from the middle of	ervas [dative] around
anterior	svíma [dative] in front of, before, opposite	svíma [accusative] towards, against	ansvíma [genitive] from in front of
posterior	ha [dative] behind, after	ha [accusative] behind, after	ana [genitive] from behind
superior	fje [dative] above	fje [accusative] above	anfje [genitive] from above
inferior	taon [dative] below	taon [accusative] below	andaon [genitive] from below
vicinity	nvieru [genitive] near			hjeral [genitive] around

Radestrian temporal prepositions
before	time frame			after
	beginning	point of reference	end
svíma [dative] before, ago	tí [instrumental] within, in			ha [dative] after, in
	an [genitive] from (… on)	ha [accusative] for
	an [genitive] since, for		yn [accusative] until, by, for
		ý [accusative] during
		sje [dative] at, with, upon (event)
		er [dative] at (clock time)
		la [dative] on (day), in (month)