er

Laefevian

Alternative forms

• el (when followed by l or hl)

Etymology

From Proto-Laenkean *hæjzi. Cognate with Radestrian er.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /er/ [ˈer̥]
• Rhyme: -er ⁽⁴⁾

Preposition

er

1. (relational) about (used to express the topic or object of speech, text, thought or similar)

   Er minun rinsolevvan?

   What are you thinking about?

Usage notes

• When followed by a personal pronoun, er may combine with the pronoun to produce the following forms:

Combined forms of er
Singular		Dual*		Plural		Reflexive
+ vynyn	erven	+ þiros	erþos	+ angwos	ergwos	+ angun	ergen
		+ þidos	erðos	+ njundos	erdos
+ sundun	ersen	+ fuljos	erfos	+ sarros	erros
+ janun	erjen	+ landos	ellos	+ laros	ellos
+ aldun	ellen	+ lundos	ellos	+ aljos	elljos
*Note: Combined forms of the dual pronouns are rarely used; non-combined forms are preferred.

Radestrian

Alternative forms

• -er (pronominal enclitic)
• -ger (pronominal enclitic after -n)
• -ir (pronominal enclitic after -a)
• -jer (pronominal enclitic after any other vowel)

Etymology

From Middle Radestrian hêri, heri, êri, eri, from Old Radestrian hêri, inherited from Proto-Radic *hêri, from Proto-Hirdic *hɛ̄́zi, from Proto-Laenkean *hæjzi. Cognate with Laefevian er.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛr/
• Rhyme: -ɛr ⁽²⁾

Preposition

er

1. (spatial) on, at

   erja loráleva

   on the table

   erja revacen

   at the roundabout

2. (spatial) onto, to
3. (spatial) in (a settlement)

   Er Pariva vage.

   I'm in Paris.

4. (spatial) to (a settlement)
5. (temporal with -’s for 12h clock) at (clock time) [with dative]

   er ara’s

   at one o’clock

   er sjavair·dríga

   at 18:00

Usage notes

• Refers to horizontal (superior) surfaces and unbound spaces.
• When followed by the definite article, er combines with the article to produce the following forms:

Combined forms of er
+ a	+ a'	+ ag	+ ai	+ i	+ u
erja	erja'	erjag	erjai	unchanged (er i)	erju

• The enclitic form is used in combination with weak pronominal complements:

Combined pronominal forms of er
case	personal
	SG				PL					REFL	RECP
	1	2	3		1		2	3
			ANIM	INAN	INCL	EXCL		ANIM	INAN
	ú	re	vâs	vara	dzun	dzate	sjáște	vír	vara	dzist	dzjed
[dative]	venger /ˈvɛŋɡɛr/	ranger /ˈraŋɡɛr/	vânger /ˈvɤŋɡɛr/	vanger /ˈvaŋɡɛr/	dzmenger /ˈdzmɛŋɡɛr/	dzatunger /ˈdzatɤŋɡɛr/	sjánger /ˈʃaːŋɡɛr/	vjenger /ˈvjɛŋɡɛr/	vainger /ˈvaiŋɡɛr/	dzinger /ˈdziŋɡɛr/	dzjenger /ˈdʒɛŋɡɛr/
[accusative]	vester /ˈvɛstɛr/	raster /ˈrastɛr/	vâster /ˈvɤstɛr/	vaster /ˈvastɛr/	dzmeder /ˈdzmɛdɛr/	dzatûder /ˈdzatɤdɛr/	sjáder /ˈʃaːdɛr/	vjeder /ˈvjɛdɛr/	vaider /ˈvaidɛr/	dzister /ˈdzistɛr/	dzjeder /ˈdʒɛdɛr/
case	number	interrogative- existential		demonstrative		quantifier
		ANIM	INAN	PROX	DIST	indefinite		general indefinite		collective
						ANIM	INAN	ANIM	INAN	ANIM	INAN
		bjaș	bjar	kjes	okjes	baus	bvar	bjaș-á	bjar-á	vaus	var
[dative]	SG	bjájer /ˈbjaːjɛr/	binger /ˈbiŋɡɛr/	kair /kair/	okair /ˈɔkair/	bájer /ˈbaːjɛr/	bunger /ˈbɤŋɡɛr/	bjájer-á /ˈbjaːjɛraː/	binger-á /ˈbiŋɡɛraː/	vájer /ˈvaːjɛr/	uvair /ˈuvair/
	PL	bjainger /ˈbjaiŋɡɛr/	bjenger /ˈbjɛŋɡɛr/	tenger /ˈtɛŋɡɛr/	otenger /ɔˈtɛŋɡɛr/	baunger /ˈbauŋɡɛr/	bønger /ˈbœŋɡɛr/	bjainger-á /ˈbjaiŋɡɛraː/	bjenger-á /ˈbjɛŋɡɛraː/
[accusative]	SG	bjáster /ˈbjaːstɛr/	bister /ˈbistɛr/	kader /ˈkadɛr/	okader /ˈɔkadɛr/	byester /ˈbiestɛr/	buster /ˈbɤstɛr/	bjáster-á /ˈbjaːstɛraː/	bister-á /ˈbistɛraː/	vaoster /ˈvɔːstɛr/	utader /ˈutadɛr/
	PL	bjaider /ˈbjaidɛr/	bjeder /ˈbjɛdɛr/	teder /ˈtɛdɛr/	oteder /ˈɔtɛdɛr/	bauder /ˈbaudɛr/	bøder /ˈbœdɛr/	bjaider-á /ˈbjaidɛraː/	bjeder-á /ˈbjɛdɛraː/

See also

Radestrian spatial prepositions
space	position	goal	source	transit
exterior	lara [genitive] outside	lara [accusative] outside	allara [genitive] from outside	ýra [accusative] past, by
interior (bound space)	la [dative] in, at	la [accusative] into, to	an [genitive] out, from	ý [accusative] through
immersion	tí [instrumental] between, amidst, in	latí [accusative] between, into	antí [genitive] from between, out
establishment	sje [dative] at	sá [dative] to	tí [accusative] from
boundary	ní [instrumental] by, at, beside			ynan [dative] along
plane (unbound space)	er [dative] on, at	er [accusative] onto, to		ý [accusative] through
superior surface			ha [genitive] off	teșa [genitive] across, over
vertical/inferior surface	yn [dative] on	yn [accusative] onto	an [genitive] off	ynan [dative] across, along
company	vas [instrumental] with
absence	ir [accusative] without
centre	ralga [genitive] in the middle of	lavas [accusative] into the middle of	anvas [genitive] from the middle of	ervas [dative] around
anterior	svíma [dative] in front of, before, opposite	svíma [accusative] towards, against	ansvíma [genitive] from in front of
posterior	ha [dative] behind, after	ha [accusative] behind, after	ana [genitive] from behind
superior	fje [dative] above	fje [accusative] above	anfje [genitive] from above
inferior	taon [dative] below	taon [accusative] below	andaon [genitive] from below
vicinity	nvieru [genitive] near			hjeral [genitive] around

Radestrian temporal prepositions
before	time frame			after
	beginning	point of reference	end
svíma [dative] before, ago	tí [instrumental] within, in			ha [dative] after, in
	an [genitive] from (… on)	ha [accusative] for
	an [genitive] since, for		yn [accusative] until, by, for
		ý [accusative] during
		sje [dative] at, with, upon (event)
		er [dative] at (clock time)
		la [dative] on (day), in (month)