er: Difference between revisions

From Laenkea
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Line 53: Line 53:
{{rad-prep|a=erja|ag=erjag|ai=erjai|u=erju}}
{{rad-prep|a=erja|ag=erjag|ai=erjai|u=erju}}
* The enclitic form is used in combination with weak pronominal complements:
* The enclitic form is used in combination with weak pronominal complements:
<small>
{| class="wikitable inflection table" style="text-align: center" width=100%
{| class="wikitable inflection table" style="text-align: center" width=100%
! colspan=22 | Combined pronominal forms of ''{{here}}''&nbsp;
! colspan=22 | Combined pronominal forms of ''{{here}}''&nbsp;
Line 95: Line 96:
|-
|-
! {{+|dative}}
! {{+|dative}}
| {{l|rad|ven-ger}} || {{l|rad|ran-ger}} || {{l|rad|vân-ger}} || {{l|rad|van-ger}} || {{l|rad|dzmen-ger}} || {{l|rad|dzatun-ger}} || {{l|rad|sján-ger}} || {{l|rad|vjen-ger}} || {{l|rad|vain-ger}}
| {{wl-rad-IPA|venger}} || {{wl-rad-IPA|ranger}} || {{wl-rad-IPA|vânger}} || {{wl-rad-IPA|vanger}} || {{wl-rad-IPA|dzmenger}} || {{wl-rad-IPA|dzatunger}} || {{wl-rad-IPA|sjánger}} || {{wl-rad-IPA|vjenger}} || {{wl-rad-IPA|vainger}}
| {{l|rad|dzin-ger}} || {{l|rad|dzjen-ger}}
| {{wl-rad-IPA|dzinger}} || {{wl-rad-IPA|dzjenger}}
| {{l|rad|bjá-jer}} || {{l|rad|bin-ger}}
| {{wl-rad-IPA|bjájer}} || {{wl-rad-IPA|binger}}
| {{l|rad|ka-ir}} || {{l|rad|oka-ir}}
| {{wl-rad-IPA|kair}} || {{wl-rad-IPA|okair}}
| {{l|rad|vá-jer}} || {{l|rad|uva-ir}}
| {{wl-rad-IPA|vájer}} || {{wl-rad-IPA|uvair}}
| {{l|rad|bá-jer}} || {{l|rad|bun-ger}}
| {{wl-rad-IPA|bájer}} || {{wl-rad-IPA|bunger}}
| {{l|rad|bjá-jer-vá}} || {{l|rad|bin-ger-vá}}
| {{wl-rad-IPA|bjájer-vá}} || {{wl-rad-IPA|binger-vá}}
|-
|-
! {{+|accusative}}
! {{+|accusative}}
| {{l|rad|vest-er}} || {{l|rad|rast-er}} || {{l|rad|vâst-er}} || {{l|rad|vast-er}} || {{l|rad|dzmed-er}} || {{l|rad|dzatud-er}} || {{l|rad|sjád-er}} || {{l|rad|vjed-er}} || {{l|rad|vaid-er}}
| {{wl-rad-IPA|vester}} || {{wl-rad-IPA|raster}} || {{wl-rad-IPA|vâster}} || {{wl-rad-IPA|vaster}} || {{wl-rad-IPA|dzmeder}} || {{wl-rad-IPA|dzatûder}} || {{wl-rad-IPA|sjáder}} || {{wl-rad-IPA|vjeder}} || {{wl-rad-IPA|vaider}}
| {{l|rad|dzist-er}} || {{l|rad|dzjed-er}}
| {{wl-rad-IPA|dzister}} || {{wl-rad-IPA|dzjeder}}
| {{l|rad|bjást-er}} || {{l|rad|bist-er}}
| {{wl-rad-IPA|bjáster}} || {{wl-rad-IPA|bister}}
| {{l|rad|kad-er}} || {{l|rad|okad-er}}
| {{wl-rad-IPA|kader}} || {{wl-rad-IPA|okader}}
| {{l|rad|vaost-er}} || {{l|rad|utad-er}}
| {{wl-rad-IPA|vaoster}} || {{wl-rad-IPA|utader}}
| {{l|rad|byest-er}} || {{l|rad|bust-er}}
| {{wl-rad-IPA|byester}} || {{wl-rad-IPA|buster}}
| {{l|rad|bjást-er-vá}} || {{l|rad|bist-er-vá}}
| {{wl-rad-IPA|bjáster-vá}} || {{wl-rad-IPA|bister-vá}}
|}
|}
</small>


==== See also ====
==== See also ====
{{rad-sprep}}
{{rad-sprep}}
{{rad-tprep}}
{{rad-tprep}}

Revision as of 21:04, 13 January 2024

Laefevian

Alternative forms

  • el (when followed by l or hl)

Etymology

From Proto-Laenkean *hæjzi. Cognate with Radestrian er.

Pronunciation

Preposition

er

  1. (relational) about Lua error in Module:government at line 32: The |pos parameter requires the language code to be specified in the first parameter. (used to express the topic or object of speech, text, thought or similar)
    Er minun rinsolevvan?
    What are you thinking about?

Usage notes

  • When followed by a personal pronoun, er may combine with the pronoun to produce the following forms:
Combined forms of er
Singular Dual* Plural Reflexive
+ vynyn erven + þiros erþos + angwos ergwos + angun ergen
+ þidos erdos + njundos erdos
+ sundun ersen + fuljos erfos + sarros erros
+ janun erjen + landos ellos + laros ellos
+ aldun ellen + lundos ellos + aljos elljos
*Note: Combined forms of the dual pronouns are rarely used; non-combined forms are preferred.

Radestrian

Alternative forms

  • -er (pronominal enclitic)
  • -ger (pronominal enclitic after -n)
  • -ir (pronominal enclitic after -a)
  • -jer (pronominal enclitic after any other vowel)

Etymology

From Middle Radestrian hêri, heri, êri, eri, from Old Radestrian hêri, inherited from Proto-Radic *hêri, from Proto-Hirdic *hɛ̄́zi, from Proto-Laenkean *hæjzi. Cognate with Laefevian er.

Pronunciation

Preposition

er

  1. (spatial) on, at Lua error in Module:government at line 32: The |pos parameter requires the language code to be specified in the first parameter.
    erja loráleva
    on the table
    erja revacen
    at the roundabout
  2. (spatial) onto, to Lua error in Module:government at line 32: The |pos parameter requires the language code to be specified in the first parameter.
  3. (temporal) at (clock time) [with dative]
    sjavair·dríga-ir
    at 18:00

Usage notes

  • Refers to horizontal (superior) surfaces and unbound spaces.
  • When followed by the definite article, er combines with the article to produce the following forms:
Combined forms of er
+ a + a' + ag + ai + i + u
erja erja' erjag erjai unchanged
(er i) 		erju
  • The enclitic form is used in combination with weak pronominal complements:

Combined pronominal forms of er 
case personal interrogative-
existential 		demonstrative quantifier
SG PL REFL RECP ANIM INAN PROX DIST collective indefinite general indefinite
1 2 3 1 2 3 ANIM INAN ANIM INAN ANIM INAN
ANIM INAN INCL EXCL ANIM INAN
[with dative] Template:wl-rad-IPA Template:wl-rad-IPA Template:wl-rad-IPA Template:wl-rad-IPA Template:wl-rad-IPA Template:wl-rad-IPA Template:wl-rad-IPA Template:wl-rad-IPA Template:wl-rad-IPA Template:wl-rad-IPA Template:wl-rad-IPA Template:wl-rad-IPA Template:wl-rad-IPA Template:wl-rad-IPA Template:wl-rad-IPA Template:wl-rad-IPA Template:wl-rad-IPA Template:wl-rad-IPA Template:wl-rad-IPA Template:wl-rad-IPA Template:wl-rad-IPA
[with accusative] Template:wl-rad-IPA Template:wl-rad-IPA Template:wl-rad-IPA Template:wl-rad-IPA Template:wl-rad-IPA Template:wl-rad-IPA Template:wl-rad-IPA Template:wl-rad-IPA Template:wl-rad-IPA Template:wl-rad-IPA Template:wl-rad-IPA Template:wl-rad-IPA Template:wl-rad-IPA Template:wl-rad-IPA Template:wl-rad-IPA Template:wl-rad-IPA Template:wl-rad-IPA Template:wl-rad-IPA Template:wl-rad-IPA Template:wl-rad-IPA Template:wl-rad-IPA

See also

Radestrian spatial prepositions
space position goal source transit
exterior lara
[genitive]
outside 		lara
[accusative]
outside 		allara
[genitive]
from outside 		ýra
[accusative]
past, by
interior
(bound space) 		la
[dative]
in, at 		la
[accusative]
into, to 		an
[genitive]
out, from 		ý
[accusative]
through
immersion tí
[instrumental]
between, amidst, in 		latí
[accusative]
between, into 		antí
[genitive]
from between, out
establishment sje
[dative]
at 		sá
[dative]
to 		tí
[accusative]
from
boundary ní
[instrumental]
by, at, beside 		ynan
[dative]
along
plane
(unbound space) 		er
[dative]
on, at 		er
[accusative]
onto, to 		ý
[accusative]
through
superior surface ha
[genitive]
off 		teșa
[genitive]
across, over
vertical/inferior
surface 		yn
[dative]
on 		yn
[accusative]
onto 		an
[genitive]
off 		ynan
[dative]
across, along
company vas
[instrumental]
with
absence ir
[accusative]
without
centre ralga
[genitive]
in the middle of 		lavas
[accusative]
into the middle of 		anvas
[genitive]
from the middle of 		ervas
[dative]
around
anterior svíma
[dative]
in front of, before, opposite 		svíma
[accusative]
towards, against 		ansvíma
[genitive]
from in front of
posterior ha
[dative]
behind, after 		ha
[accusative]
behind, after 		ana
[genitive]
from behind
superior fje
[dative]
above 		fje
[accusative]
above 		anfje
[genitive]
from above
inferior taon
[dative]
below 		taon
[accusative]
below 		andaon
[genitive]
from below
vicinity nvieru
[genitive]
near 		hjeral
[genitive]
around
Radestrian temporal prepositions
before time frame after
beginning point of reference end
svíma
[dative]
before, ago 		tí
[instrumental]
within, in 		ha
[dative]
after, in
an
[genitive]
from (… on) 		ha
[accusative]
for
an
[genitive]
since, for 		yn
[accusative]
until, by, for
ý
[accusative]
during
sje
[dative]
at, with, upon (event)
er
[dative]
at (clock time)
la
[dative]
on (day), in (month)
Retrieved from ‘https://wiki.laenkea.si/index.php?title=er&oldid=6782’