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{{also|us|uș}} | |||
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== Laefevian == | |||
=== {{Etymology|lfv|1}} === | |||
Conflation of two different suffixes: | |||
* From {{inherit|lfv|lfv-pro|-éɣəh}}, from {{inherit|lfv|lnk-pro|-éges}}. | |||
* From {{inherit|lfv|lfv-pro|-óɣəh}}, from {{inherit|lfv|lnk-pro|-ógos}}. | |||
=== Pronunciation === | |||
{{lfv-pr}} | |||
=== Suffix === | |||
{{lfv-sf|-us}} (''{{suff|lfv|adjectival|lb=1}}, light us-stem, heavy us-stem'') | |||
# ''(unproductive, fossilised) A structural suffix used to denote the presence of a quality in some degree, tendency to or proneness to.'' | |||
#: {{m|lnk-pro|dʱiɟéges|t=clean, pure}} → ''*dʱiɟéges'' → {{m|lfv|ðêjus|t=pure}} | |||
#: {{m|lnk-pro|ɟiwkʰ-|t=to be warm}} → ''*ɟukʰéges'' → {{m|lfv|jyhus|t=cosy, homey, homely}} | |||
#: {{m|lnk-pro|bʱek-|t=to arise}} → ''*bʱikéges'' → {{m|lfv|vêkus|t=fresh}} | |||
#: {{m|lnk-pro|kʼyrb-|t=to eat}} → ''*kʼr̥bógos'' → {{m|lfv|gurus|t=corrosive, caustic}} | |||
#: {{m|lnk-pro|peŋ-|t=to beget}} → ''*pigr̥ŋógos'' → {{m|lfv|jorjus|t=fertile }} | |||
# ''(by extension, unproductive) Used to form adjectives from nouns or verbs, to denote the presence of a quality in some degree (typically abundance of).'' | |||
#: {{syn|lfv|-isus}} | |||
#: {{m|lfv|þwel|t=peace}} → {{m|lfv|þwelus|t=calm, quiet, peaceful}} | |||
#: {{m|lfv|juonte|t=joy, delight, happiness}} → {{m|lfv|juontus|t=joyous, happy}} | |||
#: {{m|lfv|hranad|t=to die}} → {{m|lfv|hranus|t=dead}} | |||
==== Usage notes ==== | |||
Both suffixes are unproductive in modern Laefevian but the second sense was somewhat productive in pre-modern Laefevian and the suffixes were simply attached to the stem. Adjectives belonging to sense 1 can be traced all the way back to Proto-Laenkean, or Proto-Laefevic at least, when root gradation was still in effect. Adjectives belonging to sense 2 do not exibit any root gradation. | |||
==== Declension ==== | |||
Light us-stem declension: | |||
{{lfv-adj-lus|-us|-i}} | |||
Heavy us-stem declension: | |||
{{lfv-adj-hus|-us|-u}} | |||
==== Derived terms ==== | |||
{{affed|lfv|suff}} | |||
{{columns|columns=3|lfv | |||
|isus|t1=-ous, -ive | |||
}} | |||
=== {{Etymology|lfv|2}} === | |||
=== {{Etymology|lfv|3}} === | |||
== Radestrian == | == Radestrian == | ||
| Line 19: | Line 64: | ||
# {{label|rad|chem}} ''derives names of substances'', {{eng|-ine}}, {{eng|-in}} | # {{label|rad|chem}} ''derives names of substances'', {{eng|-ine}}, {{eng|-in}} | ||
#: {{m|rad|láfus|t=coffee}} → {{m|rad|láfuus|láfu'''us'''|t=caffe'''ine'''}} | #: {{m|rad|láfus|t=coffee}} → {{m|rad|láfuus|láfu'''us'''|t=caffe'''ine'''}} | ||
# {{label|rad|taxonomy}} {{eng|-in}} | # {{label|rad|taxonomy}} ''forms names of tribe members'', {{eng|-in}}, {{eng|-ea}} | ||
#: {{m|rad|lyejþs|t=human}} → {{m|rad|lyejðus|lyejð'''us'''|t=homin'''in'''}} | |||
===== Declension ===== | ===== Declension ===== | ||
{{rad-decl|noipa=1|-°|v}} | {{rad-decl|noipa=1|-°|v}} | ||
===== Derived terms ===== | |||
{{columns|rad | |||
|-vans<t:-ini, -eae> | |||
}} | |||
=== {{Etymology|rad|2}} === | === {{Etymology|rad|2}} === | ||
Latest revision as of 20:41, 20 July 2024
Laefevian
Etymology 1
Conflation of two different suffixes:
- From Proto-Laefevic *-éɣəh, from Proto-Laenkean *-éges.
- From Proto-Laefevic *-óɣəh, from Proto-Laenkean *-ógos.
Pronunciation
Suffix
-us (adjectival, light us-stem, heavy us-stem)
- (unproductive, fossilised) A structural suffix used to denote the presence of a quality in some degree, tendency to or proneness to.
- (by extension, unproductive) Used to form adjectives from nouns or verbs, to denote the presence of a quality in some degree (typically abundance of).
Usage notes
Both suffixes are unproductive in modern Laefevian but the second sense was somewhat productive in pre-modern Laefevian and the suffixes were simply attached to the stem. Adjectives belonging to sense 1 can be traced all the way back to Proto-Laenkean, or Proto-Laefevic at least, when root gradation was still in effect. Adjectives belonging to sense 2 do not exibit any root gradation.
Declension
Light us-stem declension:
| Primary case declension of -us (see Laefevian declension) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative | -us | -ind | -ir |
| accusative | -ide | -indi | -iri |
| genitive | -ida | -indas | -is |
| dative | -in | -indon | -iron |
| locative | -il | -indos | -iros |
| instrumental | -ivô | -indêt | -irêt |
| Secondary case declension of -us (see Laefevian declension) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| accusative-based cases | singular | dual | plural |
| sublative | -idere | -indire | -irire |
| illative | -idele | -indile | -irile |
| benefactive | -idear | -indiar | -iriar |
| prolative | -idekwe | -indikwe | -irikwe |
| causal-final | -idedis | -indirris | -irris |
| genitive-based cases | singular | dual | plural |
| delative | -idôka | -indirka | -irka |
| elative | -idôtan | -indirtan | -irtan |
| egressive | -idaôn | -indiruôn | -iruôn |
| essive | -idôjøn | -indirjøn | -irjøn |
| abessive | -idôze | -indirse | -irse |
| dative-based cases | singular | dual | plural |
| terminative | -imas | -indirmas | -irmas |
| lative | -inši | -indirši | -irši |
| locative-based cases | singular | dual | plural |
| superessive | -inere, -iner |
-indirorre, -indorre |
-irorre |
| inessive | -ille | -indirolle, -indolle |
-irolle |
| exessive | -inun | -indirsun | -irsun |
| perlative | -iffêl | -indirfêl | -irfêl |
| instrumental-based cases | singular | dual | plural |
| translative | -ivôske | -indirêske, -indêske |
-irêske |
| comitative | -ivôd | -indirtôd, -indôd |
-irtôd |
Heavy us-stem declension:
| Primary case declension of -us (see Laefevian declension) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative | -us | -und | -ur |
| accusative | -ude | -undi | -uri |
| genitive | -uda | -undas | -us |
| dative | -un | -undon | -uron |
| locative | -ul | -undos | -uros |
| instrumental | -uvô | -undêt | -urêt |
| Secondary case declension of -us (see Laefevian declension) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| accusative-based cases | singular | dual | plural |
| sublative | -udere | -undire | -urire |
| illative | -udele | -undile | -urile |
| benefactive | -udear | -undiar | -uriar |
| prolative | -udekwe | -undikwe | -urikwe |
| causal-final | -udedis | -undirris | -urris |
| genitive-based cases | singular | dual | plural |
| delative | -udôka | -undirka | -urka |
| elative | -udôtan | -undirtan | -urtan |
| egressive | -udaôn | -undiruôn | -uruôn |
| essive | -udôjøn | -undirjøn | -urjøn |
| abessive | -udôze | -undirse | -urse |
| dative-based cases | singular | dual | plural |
| terminative | -umas | -undirmas | -urmas |
| lative | -unši | -undirši | -urši |
| locative-based cases | singular | dual | plural |
| superessive | -unere, -uner |
-undirorre, -undorre |
-urorre |
| inessive | -ulle | -undirolle, -undolle |
-urolle |
| exessive | -unun | -undirsun | -ursun |
| perlative | -uffêl | -undirfêl | -urfêl |
| instrumental-based cases | singular | dual | plural |
| translative | -uvôske | -undirêske, -undêske |
-urêske |
| comitative | -uvôd | -undirtôd, -undôd |
-urtôd |
Derived terms
| ▶ Laefevian terms suffixed with -us |
- isus (“-ous, -ive”)
Etymology 2
Etymology 3
Radestrian
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Deadjectival from -liș.
Suffix
-us inan (nominal, countable, genitive singular -vu, nominative plural -ui, compound form -u-, -v-, relational adjective -viș)
- derives like things
- (chemistry) derives names of substances, -ine, -in
- (taxonomy) forms names of tribe members, -in, -ea
Declension
| Declension of -us (heavy) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | -us | -ui | |
| vocative | -use | ||
| genitive | proper | -vu | -viris |
| constructive | -vis | ||
| dative | -va | -virín | |
| accusative | -ud | -virid | |
| instrumental | -vúr | -viríe | |
Derived terms
- -vans (“-ini, -eae”)
Etymology 2
From Middle Radestrian -hór, -huss, from Old Radestrian -hōr, inherited from Proto-Radic *-howur, from Proto-Hirdic *hóhus. from Proto-Laenkean *hoʔ-.
Suffix
-us inan (nominal, genitive singular -ug, nominative plural -ui, compound form -u-, relational adjective -uiș)
- forms river names
- *Rín- → Rjenus (“the Rhine”)
Usage notes
- Causes breaking.
Declension
| Declension of -us (spirant) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | -us | -ui | |
| vocative | -ûse | ||
| genitive | proper | -ug | -uiris |
| constructive | -uis | ||
| dative | -ova | -uirín | |
| accusative | -ud | -uirid | |
| instrumental | -ovúr | -uiríe | |
Derived terms
| ▶ Radestrian terms suffixed with -us |
Categories:
- Interlingual homographs
- Laefevian terms with multiple etymologies
- Laefevian terms inherited from Proto-Laefevic
- Laefevian terms inherited from Proto-Laenkean
- Laefevian lemmas
- Laefevian suffixes
- Laefevian affixes
- Laefevian adjectival suffixes
- Laefevian light us-stem adjectives
- Laefevian heavy us-stem adjectives
- Radestrian terms with multiple etymologies
- Radestrian deadjectivals
- Radestrian nominalisations
- Radestrian nominal suffixes
- Radestrian countable nouns
- Radestrian lemmas
- Radestrian affixes
- Radestrian suffixes
- Radestrian inanimate suffixes
- rad:Chemistry
- rad:Taxonomy
- Radestrian heavy stems
- Radestrian terms inherited from Middle Radestrian
- Radestrian terms inherited from Old Radestrian
- Radestrian terms inherited from Proto-Radic
- Radestrian terms inherited from Proto-Hirdic
- Radestrian terms inherited from Proto-Laenkean
- Radestrian terms derived from the Proto-Laenkean root *hoʔ-
- Radestrian spirant stems