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{{multilang}}
== Laefevian ==
== Laefevian ==
[[Category:Laefevian lemmas]]
[[Category:Laefevian nouns]]
[[Category:Laefevian count nouns]]
=== Etymology ===
=== Etymology ===
From {{Proto|Laenkean|bʱát-as|bʱat-}} (‘eye’).
{{root|lfv|lnk-pro|bʱat-}}
{{root|lfv|lfv|vat-}}
From {{inherit|lfv|lfv-pro|bʱatəh}}, from {{inherit|lfv|lnk-pro|bʱat-|bʱatas|t=eye}}.
 
=== Pronunciation ===
=== Pronunciation ===
{{lfv-pr|vat|vat}}
{{lfv-pr}}
* {{rhymes|lfv|at}}


=== Noun ===
=== Noun ===
'''vat'''
{{lfv-noun|du=vatund|pl=vatir|pl2=veður}}
# {{lb-ant}} [[wikt:eye#English|eye]]
{{defex|Jans '''vat''' vi šuñǧas.|My left '''eye''' hurts.}}


==== Inflection ====
# {{label|lfv|anatomy}} {{eng|eye}}
#: {{ex|lfv|Jans '''vat''' vi šuñǧas.|My left '''eye''' hurts.}}
#: {{ex|lfv|Leskuljet ennos êþes '''veði'''.|Leskuljet has blue '''eyes'''.}}
# {{label|lfv|botany}} {{eng|sprout|pos=Noun}} on a potato
#: {{ex|lfv|Kêð êrkykši ennos lue '''vatas'''.|This potato has five '''sprouts'''.}}
 
==== Usage notes ====
* There are two possible plural forms: {{m|lfv|vatir}} and {{m|lfv|veður}}. The form '''''veður''''' is used when referring to the organ collectively, and the form '''''vatir''''' is used for other meanings, including artificial eyes.
* The dual form is used when referring specifically to both eyes when talking about the organ.
 
==== Declension ====
{{lfv-dec-nc|vat|u}}
{{lfv-poss-c|vat|v|l|n|v|vat}}
{{lfv-poss-c|veður|v|l|n|v|veður}}
 
==== Derived terms ====
{{columns|columns=3|lfv
|vatat|t1=obvious
|ljôsunvaturvad|t2=to stay out of sight
|ervatêljir|t3=glasses
|lônvatêlj|t4=cuspid
|lônvatessa|t5=cuspid
|-vatis|t6=-eyed
}}
 
==== Related terms ====
{{columns|columns=3|lfv
|savat|t1=blind
|ambat|t2=window
|vahtonkwis|t3=mesmerising
|vaišša|t4=tear
|ôvyrtad|t5=to confront
|vasus|t6=angle
|vaiksa|t7=corner
}}
 
==== Translations ====
{{translations|lfv|eye (organ)
|rad=*vas*
|ryn=*vah*
}}


== Radestrian ==
== Radestrian ==
[[Category:Radestrian lemmas]]
 
[[Category:Radestrian verbs]]
[[Category:Radestrian intransitive verbs]]
[[Category:Radestrian copulative verbs]]
=== Alternative forms ===
=== Alternative forms ===
* {{wordlink|-at|jump=Radestrian}} (''enclitic form'')
* {{l|rad|-at}} (''enclitic form'')


=== Etymology ===
=== Etymology ===
From {{wordlink|hlatt|Old Radestrian}}, inherited from {{Proto|Radic|hılht}}, from {{Proto|Hirdic|p̄ɯl-}}, from {{Proto|Laenkean|pɯl-}}.
From {{inherit|rad|rad-m|hvatt}},
from {{inherit|rad|rad-o|hlatt}},
inherited
from {{inherit|rad|rad-pro|hılht}},
from {{inherit|rad|hrd-pro|p̄ɯl-}},
from {{inherit|rad|lnk-pro|pɯl-}}.
{{root|rad|lnk-pro|pɯl-|(s)natʼ-}}
Suppleted forms from {{inherit|rad|rad-o|rnatht}}, from {{inherit|rad|hrd-pro|snat-}}, from {{inherit|rad|lnk-pro|(s)natʼ-}}.


=== Pronunciation ===
=== Pronunciation ===
* IPA: <big>/vat/</big>
* {{IPA|rad|/{{rad-IPA|vat}}/}}
* Rhymes: <big>[[Rhyme:Radestrian/at|-at]]</big>
** As a predicating verb, it is a phonological enclitic when directly following the predicate, regardless of spelling. This means that ''vancí vagú'' (“they are ill”), although primarily stressed as two separate words, constitutes one phonological word, i.e. {{rad-IPA|vancí-vagú|format|nolarge}}, not *{{rad-IPA|vancí vagú|format|nolarge}} or *{{rad-IPA|vancívagú|format|nolarge}}).
*** This means that its forms as an enclitic can acquire light phonetic secondary stress on the ult (or penult if long) for most speakers, i.e. {{tipa|[ˈvantsiːvaˌɡuː]}}, which also contributes to modern Radestrian poetics. Compare {{m|rad|vagú}} when it is not an enclitic, which is stressed as {{rad-IPA|vagú|format|nolarge}}. It is worth noting, however, that the rules for phonetic secondary stress placement are more complex.
* {{rhymes|rad|-at}}


=== Verb ===
=== Verb ===
'''vat'''
{{rad-verb
# {{lb-cop}} to {{eng|be}}
|npst-1s=vage
{{defex|Vâs voí asmeșír'''-aș'''!|He'''’s''' just a boy!}}
|npst-3s=vaș
# {{lb-cop}} ''used with adjectival predicates to describe characteristics of the subject''
|pst-1s=hâlei|pst-1s2=rnosei
{{defex|Ú þyriș-'''age'''.|I '''am''' German.}}
|prespart=rnastivú
# {{lb-cop}} ''used with adverbial predicates to describe states of the subject''
|pspart=rnatúl
{{defex|Ú ỉ '''vage'''.|I '''am''' hot. / I '''feel''' hot.}}
|vn=hovaș|vn2=rnataș
# {{lb-vintr}} to {{eng|exist}}, {{eng|there_be|there to be}}
}}
{{defex|'''Vagú''' þrandre la virș dziun.|'''There are''' animals in my house!}}
# {{label|rad|cop}} to {{eng|be}} {{+|&_equivalence + nominative}}
# {{lb-vintr}} to {{eng|be}} (in a place, at a time)
#: {{antonyms|rad|hjeat}}
{{defex|Haldzỉr teral-'''aș'''.|The architect '''is''' here.}}
#: {{ex|rad|Vâs voí asmeșír'''-aș'''!|He'''’s''' just a boy!}}
# {{lb-aux}} to {{eng|be}} (used to form the continuous aspect with the present adverbial participle)
# {{label|rad|cop}} ''characteristic predication'' {{+|adjective}}
# {{lb-aux}} to {{eng|have}} (used to form the perfective aspect with the past adverbial participle)
#: {{ex|rad|Ú þyriș-'''age'''.|I '''am''' German.}}
# {{label|rad|cop}} ''stative predication'' {{+|adverb}}
#: {{ex|rad|Ú ỉ '''vage'''.|I '''am''' hot. / I '''feel''' hot.}}
# {{label|rad|intr}}
## to {{eng|exist}}, {{eng|there_be|there to be}}
##: {{ex|rad|Þrane '''vagú''' la virșa dziun!|'''There are''' animals in my house!}}
## to {{eng|have}} {{+|rad verb|*nom<qq:the possessed> + dat<qq:possessor>}}
##: {{ex|rad|Ven dzínis'''-aș'''.|I have a daughter. (''lit.'' To me '''there is''' a daughter.)}}
# {{label|rad|intr|stative}}
## to {{eng|be}} (in a place, at a time)
##: {{ex|rad|U haldzỉr teral-'''âleș'''.|The architect '''was''' here.}}
## to {{eng|wear}} (clothing) {{+|rad|nom<what> + :yn(dat)<who> / :er(dat)<who><qq:headwear>}}
##: {{ex|rad|Venyn erváte *vagú*.|I wear glasses. (''lit.'' At me *are* glasses.)}}
##: {{ex|rad|Venger rjes*-aș*.|I wear a hat. (''lit.'' On me *is* a hat.)}}
# {{label|rad|aux}} ''forms the continuous aspect'', to {{eng|be}} {{+|present adverbial participle}}
# {{label|rad|aux}} ''forms the perfective aspect'', to {{eng|have}} {{+|past adverbial participle}}


==== Usage notes ====
==== Usage notes ====
* When introducing a predicate ending in a consonant, the enclitic form {{wordlink|-at|jump=Radestrian}} can be used. Nouns ending in ''-Cre-'' can also have their final ''-e'' elided and be followed with the enclitic form.
* When introducing a predicate ending in a consonant, the form {{m|rad|-at}} can be used.
* In the sense of [[wikt:there_be|''there to be'']], '''vat''' is only used in affirmative sentences. In negative sentences, {{wordlink|hjeat|jump=Radestrian}} is used.
* The verb {{m|rad|vat}} does not have a connegative form.
** For negations of {{m|rad|vat}} in all senses, the verb {{m|rad|hjeat}} is used.
* Indicative non-past depersonal forms are only used emphatically. Otherwise, they are elided.
** The singular depersonal form also does not exist: {{m|rad|gje}} is used in emphatic contexts.
* The verbal noun {{m|rad|hovaș}} tends to refer to identities, whereas {{m|rad|rnataș}} refers to states.
* Past forms in ''hâl-'' are the most common.
** Past forms in ''rnos-'' are used mainly to imply a contrast between the past and the present.


==== Conjugation ====
==== Conjugation ====
{{rad-conj-act|vat|vage|vag|vaș|vag|hâl|rnasti|rnat|hvunș|r=var|imp=vagra}}
{{rad-conj|vat|vag|hâl*|rnasti*|rnat*|vnoun=hovaș*|3s=vaș|r=var|t=intr|altvnoun=rnataș*|altpst=rnos*|altapst=rnosa*|depers=gje*}}
Alternative conjugation:
 
{{rad-conj-act|vat|vage|vag|vaș|vag|rnoș|rnasti|rnat|rnatunș|r=var|imp=vagra}}
==== Translations ====
* The verbal noun {{wordlink|hvunș|jump=Radestrian}} tends to refer to identities, whereas {{wordlink|rnatunș|jump=Radestrian}} refers to states.
{{translations|rad|equivalence copula
* Past forms in ''hâl-'' are the most common; past forms in ''rnoș-'' are used mainly to imply a contrast between the past and the present.
|lfv={{l|lfv|alad}}
}}
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