-eš

See also: -eș

Laefevian

Alternative forms

• -iš (in some adjectives)

Etymology

From Proto-Laenkean *-ǽkjes (“pertaining to, characteristic of”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /-eʃ/ [-eʃ]

Suffix 1

-eš (adjectival, consonant stem)

1. (unproductive, fossilised) A structural suffix in some (inherited) adjectives.

   *gʱɯtʼ- (“flesh”) → *gʱitʼǽkjes → ǧideš (“crude, unworked”)

   *wal- (“black”) → *wl̥ǽkjes → uleš (“dark”)

   *ᵐbatʰ- (“slow”) → *m̥btʰǽkjes → onteš (“gentle, tender”)

   *glecʰ- (“scar”) → *gl̥cʰǽkjes → ulseš (“coarse, rough”)

   *mel- (“green, yellow”) → *m̥lǽkjes → almiš (“yellow”)

Declension

Primary case declension of eš (see Laefevian declension)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	eš	ešund	ešir
accusative	eše	ešundi	eši
genitive	ešau	ešundas	ešas
dative	ešun	ešundon	eširon
locative	ešul	ešundos	eširos
instrumental	ešô	ešundêt	eširêt, ešêt

Secondary case declension of eš (see Laefevian declension)
accusative-based cases	singular	dual	plural
sublative	ešere	ešundire	ešire
illative	ešele	ešundile	ešile
benefactive	ešear	ešundiar	ešiar
prolative	ešekwe	ešundikwe	ešikwe
causal-final	ešedis	ešundirris	eširris
genitive-based cases	singular	dual	plural
delative	ešôka	ešundirka	eširka
elative	ešôtan	ešundirtan	eširtan
egressive	ešaôn	ešundiruôn	eširuôn
essive	ešôjøn	ešundirjøn	eširjøn
abessive	ešôze	ešundirse	eširse
dative-based cases	singular	dual	plural
terminative	ešumas	ešundirmas	eširmas
lative	ešunši	ešundirši	eširši
locative-based cases	singular	dual	plural
superessive	ešunere, ešuner	ešundirorre, ešundorre	eširorre, ešorre
inessive	ešulle	ešundirolle, ešundolle	eširolle, ešolle
exessive	ešunun	ešundirsun	eširsun
perlative	ešuffêl	ešundirfêl	eširfêl
instrumental-based cases	singular	dual	plural
translative	ešôske	ešundirêske, ešundêske	eširêske, ešêske
comitative	ešôsôd, ešôd	ešundirtôd, ešundôd	eširtôd

Derived terms

▶ Laefevian terms suffixed with -eš

Suffix 2

-eš (nominal, heavy i-stem)

1. (unproductive, fossilised) A structural suffix in some (inherited) nouns.

   *(s)mewk- (“honey”) → *smukǽkjes → hmykeš (“mead”)

   *tʰwel- (“to buzz, to hum”) → *tʰwl̥ǽkjes → þuleš (“finch”)

   *smwajbʱ- (“acidic, salty”) → *smwibʱǽkjes → hmyveš (“whey”)

   *ditʼ- (“to protrude”) → *dr̥tʼǽkjes → lundeš (“hill”)

   *dʱajrkʰ- (“to follow”) → *dʱinr̥kʰǽkjes → ðinkeš (“servant”)

Declension

Primary case declension of -eš (see Laefevian declension)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	-eš	-ešind	-ešir
accusative	-eše	-ešindi	-eši
genitive	-ešau	-ešindas	-ešis
dative	-ešin	-ešindon	-eširon
locative	-ešil	-ešindos	-eširos
instrumental	-ešivô, -ešô	-ešindêt	-eširêt, -ešêt

Secondary case declension of -eš (see Laefevian declension)
accusative-based cases	singular	dual	plural
sublative	-ešere	-ešindire	-ešire
illative	-ešele	-ešindile	-ešile
benefactive	-ešear	-ešindiar	-ešiar
prolative	-ešekwe	-ešindikwe	-ešikwe
causal-final	-ešidis	-ešindire	-eširris
genitive-based cases	singular	dual	plural
delative	-ešôka	-ešindirka	-eširka
prolative	-ešôtan	-ešindirtan	-eširtan
egressive	-ešaôn	-ešindiruôn	-eširuôn
essive	-ešôjøn	-ešindirjøn	-eširjøn
prolative	-ešôze	-ešindirse	-eširse
dative-based cases	singular	dual	plural
terminative	-ešimas	-ešindirmas	-eširmas
lative	-ešinši	-ešindirši	-eširši
locative-based cases	singular	dual	plural
superessive	-ešinere, -ešiner	-ešindirorre, -ešindorre	-eširorre, -eširorre
inessive	-ešille	-ešindirolle, -ešindolle	-eširolle, -ešolle
exessive	-ešinun	-ešindirsun	-eširsun
perlative	-ešiffêl	-ešindirfêl	-eširfêl
instrumental-based cases	singular	dual	plural
translative	-ešivôske, -ešôske	-ešindirêske, -ešindêske	-eširêske, -ešêske
comitative	-ešisôd, -ešôd	-ešindirtôd, -ešindôd	-eširtôd

Derived terms

▶ Laefevian terms suffixed with -eš

See also

• -eši (language suffix)