hjeat

Radestrian

Etymology

From Middle Radestrian héhtt, from Old Radestrian hǫhtt, inherited from Proto-Radic *hǫhht, from Proto-Hirdic *ḵɤ̄h-, from Proto-Laenkean *kajʔ-. The past forms, participles and verbal noun come from Proto-Radic *huh-, a suppletive stem from Proto-Laenkean *tuʔ-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʃæːt/
  • (hjádvanþs) /çæːt/
• Rhyme: -æːt ⁽³⁾

Verb

hjeat (first-person singular non-past hjei, second-person singular non-past hjeà, third-person singular non-past hjeaș, first-person singular past húei, present adverbial participle hûșevú, past adverbial participle hovúl, verbal noun hovaș)

1. (copulative) to not be

   Antonym: vat

   Hjeà re heņgreks.

   You are no king.

2. (copulative) used with adjectival predicates to negate characteristics of the subject

   Ú þyriș hjei.

   I am not German.

3. (copulative) used with adverbial predicates to negate states of the subject

   Ú ỉ hjei.

   I’m not hot. / I don’t feel hot.

4. (impersonal) to not exist, there not to be; also used in constructions which translate as ‘to not have’ [+genitive]

   Hjeaș þrandris la virșa dziun.

   There are no animals in my house.

   Ven dzínig hjeaș.

   I don't have a daughter. (lit. To me there isn’t a daughter.)

5. (intransitive) to not be (in a place, at a time)

   A haldzỉr teral-úeș.

   The architect wasn’t here.

6. (auxiliary) to not, negates a proposition [+connegative]

   Húei dzoru orasta.

   I didn't sing a song.

7. (auxiliary) to not be (used to form the negated continuous aspect with the present adverbial participle)
8. (auxiliary) to not have (used to form the negated perfective aspect with the past adverbial participle)
9. no (response to closed questions)

   Antonym: gje

   — Gjøn hredeșeí dymyet?
   — Hjei.

   — Do you speak Radestrian?
   — No(, I don't).

Usage notes

• When negating propositions, accusative direct objects change to the genitive.
• The connegative ofvat, *vata, does not exist: hjeat on its own means to not be, unless accompanying a connegative form of another verb, in which case it acts as negation of that verb.
• As an auxiliary, hjeat must still bear all matrix inflection.
  • The exception to this is voice, where non-finite forms have separate passive forms. Therefore, when negating a passive verb, the passive is marked in the connegative, as hjeat does not have passive forms.
• When introducing a predicate ending in a consonant, enclitic forms with initial h- elided (not hj-) can be used. Nouns ending in -Cre- can also have their final -e elided and be followed with the enclitic form.
• The verb hjeat does not have a connegative form, being the negated form ofvat.

Conjugation

Note that the compound forms below are purely hypothetical and may not be used or even considered grammatical, except for very specific nuance. Template:rad-conj-act Post-consonantal enclitic conjugation: Template:rad-conj-act