-da

Laefevian

Alternative forms

• -d (in function words only)

Etymology

From Proto-Laenkean *-tʼas (“points or periods of time”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /-da/ [-da]

Suffix 1

-da (nominal, heavy a-stem)

1. (unproductive, fossilised) A structural suffix in some (inherited) nouns with a temporal meaning.

   *ɟiwkʰ- (“to be warm”) → *naɟiwkʰtʼas → njohda (“lunch”)

   *hæjd- (“moon”) → *hæjdtʼas → eda (“month”)

   *kwærb- (“dry”) → *kwærbtʼas → kjørda (“drought”)

   *spepʰ- (“to freeze”) → *spepʰtʼas → fihda (“November”)

2. (semi-productive) Forms nouns with a temporal meaning.

   netis (“diligent, hard-working”) → netihda (“workday, weekday”)

   juoþad (“to delight, to give joy”) → juohda (“festival”)

   ôtinkwis (“serene, peaceful”) → ôtinda (“holiday, celebration”)

Declension

Primary case declension of -da (see Laefevian declension)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	-da	-dand	-dar
accusative	-de	-dandi	-di
genitive	-dau	-dandas	-das
dative	-dan	-dandon	-daron
locative	-dal	-dandos	-daros
instrumental	-davô, -dô	-dandêt	-darêt, -dêt

Secondary case declension of -da (see Laefevian declension)
accusative-based cases	singular	dual	plural
sublative	-dere	-dandire	-dire
illative	-dele	-dandile	-dile
benefactive	-dear	-dandiar	-dariar
prolative	-dekwe	-dandikwe	-dikwe
causal-final	-dedis	-dandire	-darris
genitive-based cases	singular	dual	plural
delative	-dôka	-dandirka	-darka
prolative	-dôtan	-dandirtan	-dartan
egressive	-daôn	-dandiruôn	-daruôn
essive	-dôjøn	-dandirjøn	-darjøn
prolative	-dôze	-dandirse	-darse
dative-based cases	singular	dual	plural
terminative	-damas	-dandirmas	-darmas
lative	-danši	-dandirši	-darši
locative-based cases	singular	dual	plural
superessive	-danere, -daner	-dandirorre, -dandorre	-darorre, -dorre
inessive	-dalle	-dandirolle, -dandolle	-darolle, -dolle
exessive	-danun	-dandirsun	-darsun
perlative	-daffêl	-dandirfêl	-darfêl
instrumental-based cases	singular	dual	plural
translative	-davôske, -dôske	-dandirêske, -dandêske	-darêske, -dêske
comitative	-dasôd, -dôd	-dandirtôd	-dartôd

Derived terms

▶ Laefevian terms suffixed with -da

• -hda
• -ôda

Suffix 2

-da

1. (unproductive, fossilised) A structural suffix in some function words.

   *(s)kajdʱ- (proximate demonstrative) → *skajdʱtʼas → hêhda, hêhd (“then”)

   *jeʔ- (“some”) → *jetʼas → ida (“yet, still”)

   *wotʼ- (“with”) → *wotʼ(ece)tʼas → ôdda (“while”)