vat

Laefevian

Etymology

From Proto-Laefevic *bʱatah, from Proto-Laenkean *bʱatas (“eye”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /vat/
• Rhyme: -at

Noun

vat (nominative dual vatund, nominative plural vatir, veður)

1. (anatomy) eye

   Jans vat vi šuñǧas.

   My left eye hurts.

   Leskuljet ennos êþes veði.

   Leskuljet has blue eyes.

2. (botany) sprout on a potato

   Kêð êrkykši ennos lue vatas.

   This potato has five sprouts.

Usage notes

• There are two possible plural forms: vatir and veður. The form veður is used when referring to the organ collectively, and the form vatir is used for other meanings, including artificial eyes.
• The dual form is used when referring specifically to both eyes when talking about the organ.

Declension

Primary case declension of vat (see Laefevian declension)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	vat	vatund	vatir
accusative	vate	vatundi	vati
genitive	vatau	vatundas	vatas, vatiras†
dative	vatun	vatundon	vatirons, vatonc
locative	vatul	vatundos	vatiross, vatosc
instrumental	vatô	vatundêt	vatirêts, vatêtc
Note: † archaic, s standard or formal, c colloquial or informal.

Secondary case declension of vat (see Laefevian declension)
accusative-based cases	singular	dual	plural
sublative	vatere	vatundire	vatire
illative	vatele	vatundile	vatile
benefactive	vatear	vatundiar	vatiar
prolative	vatekwe	vatundikwe	vatikwe
causal-final	vatedis	vatundirris	vatirris
genitive-based cases	singular	dual	plural
delative	vatôka	vatundirka	vatirka
elative	vatôtan	vatundirtan	vatirtan
ablative	vataôn	vatundiruôn	vatiruôn
essive	vatôjøn	vatundirjøn	vatirjøn
abessive	vatôze	vatundirse	vatirse
dative-based cases	singular	dual	plural
terminative	vatumas	vatundirmas	vatirmas
lative	vatunši	vatundirši	vatirši
locative-based cases	singular	dual	plural
superessive	vatuneres, vatunerc	vatundirorres, vatundorrec	vatirorres, vatorrec
inessive	vatulle	vatundirolles, vatundollec	vatirolles, vatollec
exessive	vatunun	vatundirsun	vatirsun
perlative	vatuffêl	vatundirfêl	vatirfêl
instrumental-based cases	singular	dual	plural
translative	vatôske	vatundirêskes, vatundêskec	vatirêskes, vatêskec
comitative	vatôsôds, vatôdc	vatundirtôds, vatundôdc	vatirtôd
Note: s standard or formal, c colloquial or informal.

Possessive forms of vat
possessor	singular	dual	plural
1st person	ovvat	þevvat	avvat
2nd person	ivvat	filvat	sôvvat
3rd person	javvat	lunvat	lavvat
reflexive	yvvat

Possessive forms of veður
possessor	singular	dual	plural
1st person	ovveður	þevveður	avveður
2nd person	ivveður	filveður	sôvveður
3rd person	javveður	lunveður	lavveður
reflexive	yvveður

Derived terms

• -vatis (“-eyed”)
• ervatêljir (“glasses”)
• ljôsunvaturvad (“to stay out of sight”)
• lônvatessa (“cuspid”)
• lônvatêlj (“cuspid”)
• vatat (“obvious”)

Related terms

• ambat (“window”)
• savat (“blind”)
• vahtonkwis (“mesmerising”)
• vaiksa (“corner”)
• vaišša (“tear”)
• vasus (“angle”)
• ôvyrtad (“to confront”)

Translations

eye (organ)

Radestrian: vas Riyan: vah

Radestrian

Alternative forms

• -at (enclitic form)

Etymology

From Middle Radestrian hvatt, from Old Radestrian hlatt, inherited from Proto-Radic *hılht, from Proto-Hirdic *p̄ɯl-. from Proto-Laenkean *pɯl-, Suppleted forms from Old Radestrian rnatht, from Proto-Hirdic *snat-, from Proto-Laenkean *(s)natʼ-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /vat/
  • As a predicating verb, it is a phonological enclitic when directly following the predicate, regardless of spelling. This means that vancí vagú (“they are ill”), although primarily stressed as two separate words, constitutes one phonological word, i.e. /ˈvantsiːvaɡuː/, not */ˈvantsiː ˈvaɡuː/ or */vanˈtsiːvaɡuː/).
    • This means that its forms as an enclitic can acquire light phonetic secondary stress on the ult (or penult if long) for most speakers, i.e. [ˈvantsiːvaˌɡuː], which also contributes to modern Radestrian poetics. Compare vagú when it is not an enclitic, which is stressed as /ˈvaɡuː/. It is worth noting, however, that the rules for phonetic secondary stress placement are more complex.
• Rhyme: -at ⁽²⁾

Verb

vat (first-person singular non-past vage, third-person singular non-past vaș, first-person singular past hâlei, rnosei, present adverbial participle rnastivú, past adverbial participle rnatúl, verbal noun hovaș, rnataș)

1. (copulative) to be [equivalence with nominative]

   Antonym: hjeat

   Vâs voí asmeșír-aș!

   He’s just a boy!

2. (copulative) characteristic predication [with adjective]

   Ú þyriș-age.

   I am German.

3. (copulative) stative predication [with adverb]

   Ú ỉ vage.

   I am hot. / I feel hot.

4. (intransitive)
   1. to exist, there to be

      Þrane vagú la virșa dziun!

      There are animals in my house!

   2. to have [with nominative (the possessed) and dative (possessor)]

      Ven dzínis-aș.

      I have a daughter. (lit. To me there is a daughter.)

5. (intransitive, stative)
   1. to be (in a place, at a time)

      U haldzỉr teral-âleș.

      The architect was here.

   2. to wear (clothing) [with nominative ‘what’ and yn (+ dative) ‘who’ or er (+ dative) ‘who’ (headwear)]

      Venyn erváte vagú.

      I wear glasses. (lit. At me are glasses.)

      Venger rjes-aș.

      I wear a hat. (lit. On me is a hat.)

6. (auxiliary) forms the continuous aspect, to be [with present adverbial participle]
7. (auxiliary) forms the perfective aspect, to have [with past adverbial participle]

Usage notes

• When introducing a predicate ending in a consonant, the form -at can be used.
• The verb vat does not have a connegative form.
  • For negations of vat in all senses, the verb hjeat is used.
• Indicative non-past depersonal forms are only used emphatically. Otherwise, they are elided.
  • The singular depersonal form also does not exist: gje is used in emphatic contexts.
• The verbal noun hovaș tends to refer to identities, whereas rnataș refers to states.
• Past forms in hâl- are the most common.
  • Past forms in rnos- are used mainly to imply a contrast between the past and the present.

Conjugation

Conjugation of vat (active voice, irregular△)
nonfinite forms
infinitive			vat /vat/
connegative			vat does not have a connegative
supine			vatúr /ˈvatuːr/
participle	present	adjectival	rnastiș△ /ˈrnastiʃ/
		adverbial	rnastivú△ /ˈrnastivuː/
	past	adjectival	rnatúș△ /ˈrnatuːʃ/
		adverbial	rnatúl△ /ˈrnatuːl/
verbal noun			hovaș△, rnataș△ /ˈhɔvaʃ/ /ˈrnataʃ/
finite forms			singular					plural					humble
			first	second		third	depersonal	first		second	third	depersonal	second
				informal	formal			inclusive	exclusive
			ú	re	lește	vâs, vara	gjei, gjen, gjeș …	dzun, sted	dzate	sjáște	vír, vara	gjes, gjete, gje, gjen …	sja, lai
simple	imperative			vaga /ˈvaɡa/	vagúș /ˈvaɡuːʃ/			vaguoș /ˈvaɡuoʃ/		vagovú /ˈvaɡɔvuː/			vagúr /ˈvaɡuːr/
	indicative	non-past	vage /ˈvaɡɛ/		vaș /vaʃ/		gje△ /jɛ/	vaguos /ˈvaɡuos/	vaguote /vaˈɡuotɛ/	vagú /ˈvaɡuː/			vagún /ˈvaɡuːn/
		past	hâlei△, rnosei△ /ˈhɤlei/ /ˈrnɔsei/	hâlen△, rnosen△ /ˈhɤlɛn/ /ˈrnɔsɛn/	hâleș△, rnoseș△ /ˈhɤlɛʃ/ /ˈrnɔsɛʃ/		hâle△, rnose△ /ˈhɤlɛ/ /ˈrnɔsɛ/	hâluos△, rnosuos△ /ˈhɤluos/ /ˈrnɔsuos/	hâluote△, rnosuote△ /hɤˈluotɛ/ /rnɔˈsuotɛ/	hâlú△, rnosú△ /ˈhɤluː/ /ˈrnɔsuː/			hâlún△, rnosún△ /ˈhɤluːn/ /ˈrnɔsuːn/
	subjunctive	non-past	vagai /ˈvaɡai/	vagá /ˈvaɡaː/	vagaș /ˈvaɡaʃ/		vaga /ˈvaɡa/	vagavuos /ˈvaɡavuos/	vagavuote /ˈvaɡavuotɛ/	vagavú /ˈvaɡavuː/			vagavún /ˈvaɡavuːn/
		past	hâlai△, rnosai△ /ˈhɤlai/ /ˈrnɔsai/	hâlain△, rnosain△ /ˈhɤlain/ /ˈrnɔsain/	hâlaiș△, rnosaiș△ /ˈhɤlaiʃ/ /ˈrnɔsaiʃ/		hâlai△, rnosai△ /ˈhɤlai/ /ˈrnɔsai/	hâlavuos△, rnosavuos△ /ˈhɤlavuos/ /ˈrnɔsavuos/	hâlavuote△, rnosavuote△ /ˈhɤlavuotɛ/ /ˈrnɔsavuotɛ/	hâlavú△, rnosavú△ /ˈhɤlavuː/ /ˈrnɔsavuː/			hâlavún△, rnosavún△ /ˈhɤlavuːn/ /ˈrnɔsavuːn/
	optative	non-past	vagúe /vaˈɡuːɛ/	vagova /ˈvaɡɔva/	vagúș /ˈvaɡuːʃ/		vagú /ˈvaɡuː/	vagovuos /ˈvaɡɔvuos/	vagovuote /ˈvaɡɔvuotɛ/	vagovú /ˈvaɡɔvuː/			vagovún /ˈvaɡɔvuːn/
		past	hâlevei△, rnosevei△ /ˈhɤlɛvei/ /ˈrnɔsɛvei/	hâleven△, rnoseven△ /ˈhɤlɛvɛn/ /ˈrnɔsɛvɛn/	hâleveș△, rnoseveș△ /ˈhɤlɛvɛʃ/ /ˈrnɔsɛvɛʃ/		hâleve△, rnoseve△ /ˈhɤlɛvɛ/ /ˈrnɔsɛvɛ/	hâlevuos△, rnosevuos△ /ˈhɤlɛvuos/ /ˈrnɔsɛvuos/	hâlevuote△, rnosevuote△ /ˈhɤlɛvuotɛ/ /ˈrnɔsɛvuotɛ/	hâlevú△, rnosevú△ /ˈhɤlɛvuː/ /ˈrnɔsɛvuː/			hâlevún△, rnosevún△ /ˈhɤlɛvuːn/ /ˈrnɔsɛvuːn/
habitual	indicative	non-past	variè /ˈvari.ɛ/	varin /ˈvarin/	variș /ˈvariʃ/		vari /ˈvari/	vagúris /vaˈɡuːris/	vagúrite /vaˈɡuːritɛ/	vagúri /vaˈɡuːri/			vagúrin /vaˈɡuːrin/
		past	hâleriè△, rnoseriè△ /hɤˈlɛri.ɛ/ /rnɔˈsɛri.ɛ/	hâlerin△, rnoserin△ /ˈhɤlɛrin/ /ˈrnɔsɛrin/	hâleriș△, rnoseriș△ /ˈhɤlɛriʃ/ /ˈrnɔsɛriʃ/		hâleri△, rnoseri△ /ˈhɤlɛri/ /ˈrnɔsɛri/	hâlúris△, rnosúris△ /hɤˈluːris/ /rnɔˈsuːris/	hâlúrite△, rnosúrite△ /hɤˈluːritɛ/ /rnɔˈsuːritɛ/	hâlúri△, rnosúri△ /hɤˈluːri/ /rnɔˈsuːri/			hâlúrin△, rnosúrin△ /hɤˈluːrin/ /rnɔˈsuːrin/
	subjunctive	non-past	vagariè /vaˈɡari.ɛ/	vagarin /ˈvaɡarin/	vagariș /ˈvaɡariʃ/		vagari /ˈvaɡari/	vagavúris /ˈvaɡavuːris/	vagavúrite /ˈvaɡavuːritɛ/	vagavúri /ˈvaɡavuːri/			vagavúrin /ˈvaɡavuːrin/
		past	hâlairiè△, rnosairiè△ /hɤˈlairi.ɛ/ /rnɔˈsairi.ɛ/	hâlairin△, rnosairin△ /hɤˈlairin/ /rnɔˈsairin/	hâlairiș△, rnosairiș△ /hɤˈlairiʃ/ /rnɔˈsairiʃ/		hâlairi△, rnosairi△ /hɤˈlairi/ /rnɔˈsairi/	hâlavúris△, rnosavúris△ /ˈhɤlavuːris/ /ˈrnɔsavuːris/	hâlavúrite△, rnosavúrite△ /ˈhɤlavuːritɛ/ /ˈrnɔsavuːritɛ/	hâlavúri△, rnosavúri△ /ˈhɤlavuːri/ /ˈrnɔsavuːri/			hâlavúrin△, rnosavúrin△ /ˈhɤlavuːrin/ /ˈrnɔsavuːrin/
	optative	non-past	vagúriè /vaˈɡuːri.ɛ/	vagúrin /vaˈɡuːrin/	vagúriș /vaˈɡuːriʃ/		vagúri /vaˈɡuːri/	vagovúris /ˈvaɡɔvuːris/	vagovúrite /ˈvaɡɔvuːritɛ/	vagovúri /ˈvaɡɔvuːri/			vagovúrin /ˈvaɡɔvuːrin/
		past	hâleveriè△, rnoseveriè△ /hɤˈlɛvɛri.ɛ/ /rnɔˈsɛvɛri.ɛ/	hâleverin△, rnoseverin△ /hɤˈlɛvɛrin/ /rnɔˈsɛvɛrin/	hâleveriș△, rnoseveriș△ /hɤˈlɛvɛriʃ/ /rnɔˈsɛvɛriʃ/		hâleveri△, rnoseveri△ /hɤˈlɛvɛri/ /rnɔˈsɛvɛri/	hâlevúris△, rnosevúris△ /ˈhɤlɛvuːris/ /ˈrnɔsɛvuːris/	hâlevúrite△, rnosevúrite△ /ˈhɤlɛvuːritɛ/ /ˈrnɔsɛvuːritɛ/	hâlevúri△, rnosevúri△ /ˈhɤlɛvuːri/ /ˈrnɔsɛvuːri/			hâlevúrin△, rnosevúrin△ /ˈhɤlɛvuːrin/ /ˈrnɔsɛvuːrin/

Compound forms of vat (active voice)
			singular					plural					humble
			first	second		third	depersonal	first		second	third	depersonal	second
				informal	formal			inclusive	exclusive
			ú	re	lește	vâs, vara	gjei, gjen, gjeș …	dzun, sted	dzate	sjáște	vír, vara	gjes, gjete, gje, gjen …	sja, lai
continuous	infinitive		rnastivú vat△
	indicative	non-past	rnastivú vage△	rnastivú vaga△	rnastivú vaș△		rnastivú△	rnastivú vaguos△	rnastivú vaguote△	rnastivú vagú△		rnastivú△	rnastivú vagún△
		past	rnastivú hâlei△	rnastivú hâlen△	rnastivú hâleș△		rnastivú hâle△	rnastivú hâluos△	rnastivú hâluote△	rnastivú hâlú△			rnastivú hâlún△
	subjunctive	non-past	rnastivú vagai△	rnastivú vagá△	rnastivú vagaș△		rnastivú vaga△	rnastivú vagavuos△	rnastivú vagavuote△	rnastivú vagavú△			rnastivú vagavún△
		past	rnastivú hâlai△	rnastivú hâlain△	rnastivú hâlaiș△		rnastivú hâlai△	rnastivú hâlavuos△	rnastivú hâlavuote△	rnastivú hâlavú△			rnastivú hâlavún△
	optative	non-past	rnastivú vagúe△	rnastivú vagova△	rnastivú vagúș△		rnastivú vagú△	rnastivú vagovuos△	rnastivú vagovuote△	rnastivú vagovú△			rnastivú vagovún△
		past	rnastivú hâlevei△	rnastivú hâleven△	rnastivú hâleveș△		rnastivú hâleve△	rnastivú hâlevuos△	rnastivú hâlevuote△	rnastivú hâlevú△			rnastivú hâlevún△
perfective	infinitive		rnatúl-at△
	indicative	perfect	rnatúl-age△	rnatúl-aga△	rnatúl-aș△		rnatúl△	rnatúl-aguos△	rnatúl-aguote△	rnatúl-agú△		rnatúl△	rnatúl-agún△
		pluperfect	rnatúl-âlei△	rnatúl-âlen△	rnatúl-âleș△		rnatúl-âle△	rnatúl-âluos△	rnatúl-âluote△	rnatúl-âlú△			rnatúl-âlún△
	subjunctive	perfect	rnatúl-agai△	rnatúl-agá△	rnatúl-agaș△		rnatúl-aga△	rnatúl-agavuos△	rnatúl-agavuote△	rnatúl-agavú△			rnatúl-agavún△
		pluperfect	rnatúl-âlai△	rnatúl-âlain△	rnatúl-âlaiș△		rnatúl-âlai△	rnatúl-âlavuos△	rnatúl-âlavuote△	rnatúl-âlavú△			rnatúl-âlavún△
	optative	perfect	rnatúl-agúe△	rnatúl-agova△	rnatúl-agúș△		rnatúl-agú△	rnatúl-agovuos△	rnatúl-agovuote△	rnatúl-agovú△			rnatúl-agovún△
		pluperfect	rnatúl-âlevei△	rnatúl-âleven△	rnatúl-âleveș△		rnatúl-âleve△	rnatúl-âlevuos△	rnatúl-âlevuote△	rnatúl-âlevú△			rnatúl-âlevún△
Negative compound forms of vat (active voice)
continuous	infinitive		rnastivú hjeat△
	indicative	non-past	rnastivú hjei△	rnastivú hjeà△	rnastivú hjeaș△		rnastivú hje△	rnastivú hjeuos△	rnastivú hjeuote△	rnastivú hjeú△			rnastivú hjeún△
		past	rnastivú húei△	rnastivú húen△	rnastivú húeș△		rnastivú húe△	rnastivú hủos△	rnastivú hủote△	rnastivú hủ△			rnastivú hủn△
	subjunctive	non-past	rnastivú hjeai△	rnastivú hjeá△	rnastivú hjeàș△		rnastivú hjeà△	rnastivú hjeàvuos△	rnastivú hjeàvuote△	rnastivú hjeàvú△			rnastivú hjeàvún△
		past	rnastivú húai△	rnastivú húain△	rnastivú húaiș△		rnastivú húai△	rnastivú húavuos△	rnastivú húavuote△	rnastivú húavú△			rnastivú húavún△
	optative	non-past	rnastivú hjeúe△	rnastivú hjeova△	rnastivú hjeúș△		rnastivú hjeú△	rnastivú hjeovuos△	rnastivú hjeovuote△	rnastivú hjeovú△			rnastivú hjeovún△
		past	rnastivú húevei△	rnastivú húeven△	rnastivú húeveș△		rnastivú húeve△	rnastivú húevuos△	rnastivú húevuote△	rnastivú húevú△			rnastivú húevún△
perfective	infinitive		rnatúl hjeat△
	indicative	perfect	rnatúl hjei△	rnatúl hjeà△	rnatúl hjeaș△		rnatúl hje△	rnatúl hjeuos△	rnatúl hjeuote△	rnatúl hjeú△			rnatúl hjeún△
		pluperfect	rnatúl-úei△	rnatúl-úen△	rnatúl-úeș△		rnatúl-úe△	rnatúl-ủos△	rnatúl-ủote△	rnatúl-ủ△			rnatúl-ủn△
	subjunctive	perfect	rnatúl hjeai△	rnatúl hjeá△	rnatúl hjeàș△		rnatúl hjeà△	rnatúl hjeàvuos△	rnatúl hjeàvuote△	rnatúl hjeàvú△			rnatúl hjeàvún△
		pluperfect	rnatúl-úai△	rnatúl-úain△	rnatúl-úaiș△		rnatúl-úai△	rnatúl-úavuos△	rnatúl-úavuote△	rnatúl-úavú△			rnatúl-úavún△
	optative	perfect	rnatúl hjeúe△	rnatúl hjeova△	rnatúl hjeúș△		rnatúl hjeú△	rnatúl hjeovuos△	rnatúl hjeovuote△	rnatúl hjeovú△			rnatúl hjeovún△
		pluperfect	rnatúl-úevei△	rnatúl-úeven△	rnatúl-úeveș△		rnatúl-úeve△	rnatúl-úevuos△	rnatúl-úevuote△	rnatúl-úevú△			rnatúl-úevún△

Translations

equivalence copula

Laefevian: alad