ir

See also: -ír

Radestrian

Alternative forms

• -ira (pronominal enclitic)

Etymology

From Middle Radestrian jra, from Old Radestrian jra, inherited from Proto-Radic *źar, from Proto-Hirdic *ḏjes, from Proto-Laenkean *djes.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ir/
• Rhyme: -ir

Preposition

ir

1. (spatial, abstract) without [with accusative]

   Antonym: vas

Usage notes

• When followed by the definite article, ir combines with the article to produce the following forms:

Combined forms of ir
+ a	+ a'	+ ag	+ ai	+ i	+ u
irá	irá'	unchanged (ir ag)	unchanged (ir ai)	unchanged (ir i)	unchanged (ir u)

• The enclitic form is used in combination with weak pronominal complements:

Combined pronominal forms of ir
case	personal
	SG				PL					REFL	RECP
	1	2	3		1		2	3
			ANIM	INAN	INCL	EXCL		ANIM	INAN
	ú	re	vâs	vara	dzun	dzate	sjáște	vír	vara	dzist	dzjed
[accusative]	vestira /ˈvɛstira/	rastira /ˈrastira/	vâstira /ˈvɤstira/	vastira /ˈvastira/	dzmedira /ˈdzmɛdira/	dzatûdira /dzaˈtɤdira/	sjádira /ˈʃaːdira/	vjedira /ˈvjɛdira/	vaidira /ˈvaidira/	dzistira /ˈdzistira/	dzjedira /ˈdʒɛdira/
case	number	interrogative- existential		demonstrative		quantifier
		ANIM	INAN	PROX	DIST	indefinite		general indefinite		collective
						ANIM	INAN	ANIM	INAN	ANIM	INAN
		bjaș	bjar	kjes	okjes	baus	bvar	bjaș-á	bjar-á	vaus	var
[accusative]	SG	bjástira /ˈbjaːstira/	bistira /ˈbistira/	kadira /ˈkadira/	okadira /ɔˈkadira/	byestira /ˈbiestira/	bustira /ˈbɤstira/	bjástira-vá /ˈbjaːstiravaː/	bistira-vá /ˈbistiravaː/	vaostira /ˈvɔːstira/	utadira /uˈtadira/
	PL	bjaidira /ˈbjaidira/	bjedira /ˈbjɛdira/	tedira /ˈtɛdira/	otedira /ɔˈtɛdira/	baudira /ˈbaudira/	bødira /ˈbœdira/	bjaidira-vá /ˈbjaidiravaː/	bjedira-vá /ˈbjɛdiravaː/

Derived terms

• ira-

Related terms

• zra-

See also

Radestrian spatial prepositions
space	position	goal	source	transit
exterior	lara [genitive] outside	lara [accusative] outside	allara [genitive] from outside	ýra [accusative] past, by
interior (bound space)	la [dative] in, at	la [accusative] into, to	an [genitive] out, from	ý [accusative] through
immersion	tí [instrumental] between, amidst, in	latí [accusative] between, into	antí [genitive] from between, out
establishment	sje [dative] at	sá [dative] to	tí [accusative] from
boundary	ní [instrumental] by, at, beside			ynan [dative] along
plane (unbound space)	er [dative] on, at	er [accusative] onto, to		ý [accusative] through
superior surface			ha [genitive] off	teșa [genitive] across, over
vertical/inferior surface	yn [dative] on	yn [accusative] onto	an [genitive] off	ynan [dative] across, along
company	vas [instrumental] with
absence	ir [accusative] without
centre	ralga [genitive] in the middle of	lavas [accusative] into the middle of	anvas [genitive] from the middle of	ervas [dative] around
anterior	svíma [dative] in front of, before, opposite	svíma [accusative] towards, against	ansvíma [genitive] from in front of
posterior	ha [dative] behind, after	ha [accusative] behind, after	ana [genitive] from behind
superior	fje [dative] above	fje [accusative] above	anfje [genitive] from above
inferior	taon [dative] below	taon [accusative] below	andaon [genitive] from below
vicinity	nvieru [genitive] near			hjeral [genitive] around