ha

Radestrian

Alternative forms

• -a (pronominal enclitic)
• -ga (pronominal enclitic after -n)
• -ra (pronominal enclitic after a vowel)
• ra (dialectal)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ha/
  • (colloquial) /hɤ/
• Rhymes: -a ⁽⁵⁸⁾, -ɤ ⁽⁵⁾

Etymology 1

From Middle Radestrian hra, from Old Radestrian hra, inherited from Proto-Radic *har, from Proto-Hirdic *p̄os, from Proto-Laenkean *pos.

Preposition

ha

1. (spatial) behind [+dative]

   Antonym: víma

2. (spatial) behind, after [+accusative]

   Sjûșa vâst-a!

   Run after him!

3. (temporal) after, in [+dative]

   rá slavun

   after the war

   Ha dvoðain horte.

   I’m going in an hour.

   Ha ara lenirelig tuolga la taișt.

   In one kilometre, turn left.

4. (temporal) for (an amount of time) [+accusative]

   Hnaol-age ha dvuost.

   I’ll be gone for a day.

5. (abstract) as (role) [+dative]
6. (abstract) about, of, on [+accusative]

   dráve ha hrídirid

   a book on trees

   Ha vetad gjø dymyetú?

   Are you talking about me?

Etymology 2

From Middle Radestrian hra, from Old Radestrian hra, inherited from Proto-Radic *hır, from Proto-Hirdic *ḵɯs, from Proto-Laenkean *kɯs.

Preposition

ha

1. (spatial) off, from [+genitive]

   Rá hvava hjaoșei.

   I fell off/from the chair.

2. (temporal) from (… onwards) [+genitive]

   ha asedvust

   from Friday

3. (abstract) than [+genitive]

   ha hriezg detuobș

   bigger than a tree

Usage notes

• When followed by the definite article, ha combines with the article to produce the following forms:

Combined forms of ha
+ a	+ a'	+ ag	+ ai	+ i	+ u
rá	rá'	r’ag	r’ai	r’i	r’u

See also

Radestrian spatial prepositions
space	position	goal	source	transit
exterior	lara [genitive] outside	lara [accusative] outside	allara [genitive] from outside	ýra [accusative] past, by
interior (bound space)	la [dative] in, at	la [accusative] into, to	an [genitive] out, from	ý [accusative] through
immersion	tí [instrumental] between, amidst, in	latí [accusative] between, into	antí [genitive] from between, out
establishment	sje [dative] at	sá [dative] to	tí [accusative] from
boundary	ní [instrumental] by, at, beside			ynan [dative] along
plane (unbound space)	er [dative] on, at	er [accusative] onto, to		ý [accusative] through
superior surface			ha [genitive] off	teșa [genitive] across, over
vertical/inferior surface	yn [dative] on	yn [accusative] onto	an [genitive] off	ynan [dative] across, along
company	vas [instrumental] with
absence	ir [accusative] without
centre	ralga [genitive] in the middle of	lavas [accusative] into the middle of	anvas [genitive] from the middle of	ervas [dative] around
anterior	svíma [dative] in front of, before, opposite	svíma [accusative] towards, against	ansvíma [genitive] from in front of
posterior	ha [dative] behind, after	ha [accusative] behind, after	ana [genitive] from behind
superior	fje [dative] above	fje [accusative] above	anfje [genitive] from above
inferior	taon [dative] below	taon [accusative] below	andaon [genitive] from below
vicinity	nvieru [genitive] near			hjeral [genitive] around

Radestrian temporal prepositions
before	time frame			after
	beginning	point of reference	end
svíma [dative] before, ago	tí [instrumental] within, in			ha [dative] after, in
	an [genitive] from (… on)	ha [accusative] for
	an [genitive] since, for		yn [accusative] until, by, for
		ý [accusative] during
		sje [dative] at, with, upon (event)
		er [dative] at (clock time)
		la [dative] on (day), in (month)