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==Radestrian==
== Radestrian ==
===Etymology===
Inherited from {{Proto|Radic|ɣe}}, from {{Proto|Hirdic|ghe}}, from {{Proto|Laenkean|g(ʱ)e/o(j)-}}.


===Pronunciation===
=== Etymology ===
{{rad-pr|j|ɛ}}
From {{inherit|rad|rad-m|gje}},
from {{inherit|rad|rad-o|ɣe}},
inherited
from {{inherit|rad|rad-pro|ɣe}},
from {{inherit|rad|hrd-pro|ghe}}.


===Particle===
=== Pronunciation ===
{{head|rad|particle}}
{{rad-pronunciation}}


=== Particle ===
{{head|rad|particle
}}
# ''focalising particle''
# ''focalising particle''
#: {{ex|rad|Ú ran hovend '''gjei''' devúl.<br>Hovend '''gjei''' ran devúl.|'''I'''’ve ('''even''') made you cake.}}
#: {{ex|rad|Ú ran hovend <b>gjei</b> devúl.<br>Hovend <b>gjei</b> ran devúl.|<b>I</b>’ve (<b>even</b>) made you cake.}}
#: {{ex|rad|Lirșu nraos '''gjeș''' kad dișe!|Your sister('''’s the one that''') did this!}}
#: {{ex|rad|Lirșu nraos <b>gjeș</b> kad dișe!|Your sister(<b>’s the one that</b>) did this!}}
# ''relativising particle''
# {{eng|that}}, {{eng|which}} (relativising particle)
#: {{ex|rad|u lyejþs, '''vâst gjei''' vare|the person '''(that) I''' saw}}
#: {{ex|rad|u lyejþs, <b>vâst gjei</b> vare|the person (<b>that</b>) I saw}}
#: {{ex|rad|a hovens, '''vara gjeș''' er loráleva hâle|the cake '''that''' was on the table}}
#: {{ex|rad|   a hovens, <b>vara gjeș</b> er loráleva hâle|the cake <b>that</b> was on the table}}
# ''forms indirect questions''
# ''forms indirect questions''
#: {{ex|rad|Sjelge, '''bist gjen''' devúl.|I know '''what''' you’ve done.}}
#: {{ex|rad|   Sjelge, <b>bist gjen</b> devúl.|I know <b>what</b> you’ve done.}}
# {{eng|yes}}, ''response to closed questions''
# {{eng|yes}} (response to closed questions)
#: {{ant|rad|hjeat}}
#: {{antonyms|rad|hjeat}}
#: {{ex|rad|— Gjøn hredeșeí dymyet?<br>— '''Gjei'''.|— Do you speak Radestrian?<br>— '''Yes(, I do)'''.}}
#: {{ex|rad|— Gjøn hredeșeí dymyet?<br>— <b>Gjei</b>.|— Do you speak Radestrian?<br>— <b>Yes(, I do)</b>.}}


====Usage notes====
==== Usage notes ====
* This particle adopts all personal agreement from the clause verb, leaving the verb in its impersonal form.
* This particle adopts all personal agreement from the clause verb, leaving the verb in its impersonal form.
** The impersonal form of ''{{m|rad|vat}}'' in the indicative non-past is ∅, unless emphatic.
** The impersonal form of ''{{m|rad|vat}}'' in the indicative non-past is ∅, unless emphatic.


====Inflection====
==== Inflection ====
{{rad-persconj}}
{{rad-persconj}}


====See also====
==== See also ====
* {{l|rad|gjø}}
{{columns|rad|gjø}}

Revision as of 00:17, 23 August 2023

Radestrian

Etymology

From Middle Radestrian gje, from Old Radestrian ɣe, inherited from Proto-Radic *ɣe, from Proto-Hirdic *ghe.

Pronunciation

Particle

gje

  1. focalising particle
    Ú ran hovend gjei devúl.
    Hovend gjei ran devúl.
    I’ve (even) made you cake.
    Lirșu nraos gjeș kad dișe!
    Your sister(’s the one that) did this!
  2. that, which (relativising particle)
    u lyejþs, vâst gjei vare
    the person (that) I saw
    a hovens, vara gjeș er loráleva hâle
    the cake that was on the table
  3. forms indirect questions
    Sjelge, bist gjen devúl.
    I know what you’ve done.
  4. yes (response to closed questions)
    Antonym: hjeat
    — Gjøn hredeșeí dymyet?
    — Gjei.
    — Do you speak Radestrian?
    — Yes(, I do).

Usage notes

  • This particle adopts all personal agreement from the clause verb, leaving the verb in its impersonal form.
    • The impersonal form of vat in the indicative non-past is ∅, unless emphatic.

Inflection

Inflection of gje  
person singular plural
first inclusive gjei gjes
exclusive gjete
second humble gjen
neutral gjen gje
third gjeș

See also

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