gje

Radestrian

Etymology

From Middle Radestrian gje, from Old Radestrian ɣe, inherited from Proto-Radic *ɣe, from Proto-Hirdic *ghe, from Proto-Laenkean *g(ʱ)e/o(j?)-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jɛ/
• Rhyme: -ɛ ⁽²⁰⁰⁾

Particle

gje

1. focalising particle

   Ú ran hovend gjei devúl.
   Hovend ran gjei devúl.

   I’ve (even) made you cake.

   Lirșu nraos kad gjeș dișe!

   Your sister(’s the one that) did this!

2. that, which (relativising particle)

   u lyejþs, vâst gjei vare

   the person (that) I saw

   a hovens, vara gjeș erja loráleva hâle

   the cake that was on the table

3. forms indirect questions

   Sjelge, vast gjen devúl.

   I know what you’ve done.

4. yes (response to closed questions)

   Antonym: hjeat

   — Gjøn rredeșeí dymyet?
   — Gjei.

   — Do you speak Radestrian?
   — Yes(, I do).

Usage notes

• This particle adopts all personal agreement from the clause verb, leaving the verb in its depersonal form.
  • The depersonal form of vat in the indicative non-past is ∅, unless emphatic.
• As a focalising particle, it may not always be interpreted as emphatic. It is common, for example, to use it after any fronted elements or clauses.
• As a relativising particle, the relativised element must be a definite pro-form. In colloquial usage, the pro-form can be omitted if it is the subject or direct object of the relative clause.

  u lyejþs, vâst gjei vare.

  the person that I saw

  u lyejþs, gjei vare.

  the person I saw

Inflection

Inflection of gje
person		singular	plural
first	inclusive	gjei	gjes
	exclusive		gjete
second	humble	gjen
	neutral	gjen	gje
third		gjeș

• In imperative clauses, the form gjer can also be found.

See also

• gjø