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== Laefevian == | |||
=== Etymology === | |||
Definitive origin is unknown but it must be a [[Appendix:World/Proto-Laefevic language|Proto-Laefevic]] innovation. Considering the suffix appears in adjectives denoting some kind of physical characteristic or property, one hypothesis suggests that it comes from a suffixed {{m|lnk-pro|bʱatas|t=eye}}, as seen in {{m|lfv|savat|t=blind}} (which is from {{m+|lnk-pro|sɯʔbʱatas}}). | |||
=== Pronunciation === | |||
{{lfv-pr}} | |||
=== Suffix === | |||
{{lfv-sf|-at}} (''{{suff|lfv|adjectival|lb=1}}, contracted stem'') | |||
# {{lb|lfv|unproductive|fossilised}} ''A structural suffix in certain adjectives that typically denote some kind of physical characteristic.'' | |||
#: {{m|lnk-pro|gjuk-|t=short}} → {{m|lfv|žykat|t=short}} | |||
#: {{m|lnk-pro|pʼiz-|t=to split}} → {{m|lfv|birat|t=bitter}} | |||
#: {{m|lnk-pro|spajn-|t=to glimmer}} → {{m|lfv|fênat|t=wide, broad}} | |||
#: {{m|lnk-pro|bʱat-|t=eye}} → {{m|lfv|vatat|t=obvious, evident}} | |||
#: {{m|lnk-pro|dawm-|t=under}} → {{m|lfv|lynat|t=low}} | |||
#: {{m|lnk-pro|gar-|t=big}} → {{m|lfv|ôrat|t=big}} | |||
==== Derived terms ==== | |||
{{affed|lfv|suff}} | |||
=== See also === | |||
{{columns|columns=3|lfv | |||
|-is | |||
|-skis | |||
|-isus | |||
}} | |||
== Radestrian == | == Radestrian == | ||
[[Category:Radestrian copulative verbs]] | [[Category:Radestrian copulative verbs]] | ||
| Line 7: | Line 37: | ||
{{rad-pr}} | {{rad-pr}} | ||
=== Verb === | === {{Etymology|rad|1}} === | ||
==== Verb ==== | |||
{{rad-verb| | {{rad-verb| | ||
|npst-1s=-age | |npst-1s=-age | ||
|npst-3s=-aș | |npst-3s=-aș | ||
|pst-1s=-âlei|pst-1s2= | |pst-1s=-âlei|pst-1s2=rnosei | ||
|prespart=rnastivú | |prespart=rnastivú | ||
|pspart=rnatúl | |pspart=rnatúl | ||
|vn=-ovaș|vn2=rnataș | |vn=-ovaș|vn2=rnataș | ||
}} | }} | ||
# {{label|rad|cop or intransitive or stative}} | # {{label|rad|cop|or|intransitive|or|stative}} {{form of|rad|vat|post-consonantal enclitic form}} | ||
==== Usage notes ==== | ===== Usage notes ===== | ||
* When introducing a predicate ending in a consonant, the enclitic form {{here}} can be used. | * When introducing a predicate ending in a consonant, the enclitic form {{here}} can be used. | ||
** The form elides initial ''v-'' and ''h-''. | ** The form elides initial ''v-'' and ''h-''. | ||
==== Conjugation ==== | ===== Conjugation ===== | ||
{{rad-conj|-at|-ag|-âl|rnasti|rnat|vnoun=-ovaș|3s=-aș|r=-ar|t=intr|altvnoun=rnataș|altpst=rnos|altapst=rnosa| | {{rad-conj|-at|-ag|-âl|rnasti|rnat|vnoun=-ovaș|3s=-aș|r=-ar|t=intr|altvnoun=rnataș|altpst=rnos|altapst=rnosa}} | ||
=== {{Etymology|rad|2}} === | |||
From {{inherit|rad|rad-m|-att}}, | |||
from {{inherit|rad|rad-o|-att}}, | |||
inherited | |||
from {{inherit|rad|rad-pro|-aht}}, | |||
from {{inherit|rad|hrd-pro|-a-}}, | |||
from {{inherit|rad|lnk-pro|-m̥}}. | |||
==== Suffix ==== | |||
{{rad-suffix | |||
|npst-1s=-ai | |||
|pst-1s=-aei | |||
|prespart=-aivú|prespart2=-amivú | |||
|pspart=-aúl|pspart2=-múl | |||
|vn=-anș | |||
|label={{suff|rad|verbal|lb=1}} | |||
}} | |||
# ''copular verbaliser'' | |||
===== Conjugation ===== | |||
{{rad-conj|-|a}} | |||
===== Derived terms ===== | |||
{{affed|rad|suff}} | |||
Latest revision as of 14:22, 20 August 2024
Laefevian
Etymology
Definitive origin is unknown but it must be a Proto-Laefevic innovation. Considering the suffix appears in adjectives denoting some kind of physical characteristic or property, one hypothesis suggests that it comes from a suffixed *bʱatas (“eye”), as seen in savat (“blind”) (which is from Proto-Laenkean *sɯʔbʱatas).
Pronunciation
Suffix
-at (adjectival, contracted stem)
- (unproductive, fossilised) A structural suffix in certain adjectives that typically denote some kind of physical characteristic.
Derived terms
| ▶ Laefevian terms suffixed with -at |
See also
Radestrian
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Verb
-at (first-person singular non-past -age, third-person singular non-past -aș, first-person singular past -âlei, rnosei, present adverbial participle rnastivú, past adverbial participle rnatúl, verbal noun -ovaș, rnataș)
- (copulative or intransitive or stative) post-consonantal enclitic form of vat
Usage notes
- When introducing a predicate ending in a consonant, the enclitic form -at can be used.
- The form elides initial v- and h-.
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -at (active voice) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nonfinite forms | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | -at /-at/ |
||||||||||||
| connegative | -ata /-ata/ |
||||||||||||
| supine | -atúr /-atuːr/ |
||||||||||||
| participle | present | adjectival | rnastiș /ˈrnastiʃ/ |
||||||||||
| adverbial | rnastivú /ˈrnastivuː/ |
||||||||||||
| past | adjectival | rnatúș /ˈrnatuːʃ/ |
|||||||||||
| adverbial | rnatúl /ˈrnatuːl/ |
||||||||||||
| verbal noun | -ovaș, rnataș /-ɔvaʃ/ /ˈrnataʃ/ |
||||||||||||
| finite forms | singular | plural | humble | ||||||||||
| first | second | third | depersonal | first | second | third | depersonal | second | |||||
| informal | formal | inclusive | exclusive | ||||||||||
| ú | re | lește | vâs, vara | gjei, gjen, gjeș … | dzun, sted | dzate | sjáște | vír, vara | gjes, gjete, gje, gjen … | sja, lai | |||
| simple | imperative | -aga /-aɡa/ |
-agúș /-aɡuːʃ/ |
-aguoș /-aɡuoʃ/ |
-agovú /-aɡɔvuː/ |
-agúr /-aɡuːr/ |
|||||||
| indicative | non-past | -age /-aɡɛ/ |
-aș /-aʃ/ |
-ag /-aɡ/ |
-aguos /-aɡuos/ |
-aguote /-aɡuotɛ/ |
-agú /-aɡuː/ |
-agún /-aɡuːn/ |
|||||
| past | -âlei, rnosei /-ɤlei/ /ˈrnɔsei/ |
-âlen, rnosen /-ɤlɛn/ /ˈrnɔsɛn/ |
-âleș, rnoseș /-ɤlɛʃ/ /ˈrnɔsɛʃ/ |
-âle, rnose /-ɤlɛ/ /ˈrnɔsɛ/ |
-âluos, rnosuos /-ɤluos/ /ˈrnɔsuos/ |
-âluote, rnosuote /-ɤluotɛ/ /rnɔˈsuotɛ/ |
-âlú, rnosú /-ɤluː/ /ˈrnɔsuː/ |
-âlún, rnosún /-ɤluːn/ /ˈrnɔsuːn/ |
|||||
| subjunctive | non-past | -agai /-aɡai/ |
-agá /-aɡaː/ |
-agaș /-aɡaʃ/ |
-aga /-aɡa/ |
-agavuos /-aɡavuos/ |
-agavuote /-aɡavuotɛ/ |
-agavú /-aɡavuː/ |
-agavún /-aɡavuːn/ |
||||
| past | -âlai, rnosai /-ɤlai/ /ˈrnɔsai/ |
-âlain, rnosain /-ɤlain/ /ˈrnɔsain/ |
-âlaiș, rnosaiș /-ɤlaiʃ/ /ˈrnɔsaiʃ/ |
-âlai, rnosai /-ɤlai/ /ˈrnɔsai/ |
-âlavuos, rnosavuos /-ɤlavuos/ /ˈrnɔsavuos/ |
-âlavuote, rnosavuote /-ɤlavuotɛ/ /ˈrnɔsavuotɛ/ |
-âlavú, rnosavú /-ɤlavuː/ /ˈrnɔsavuː/ |
-âlavún, rnosavún /-ɤlavuːn/ /ˈrnɔsavuːn/ |
|||||
| optative | non-past | -agúe /-aɡuːɛ/ |
-agova /-aɡɔva/ |
-agúș /-aɡuːʃ/ |
-agú /-aɡuː/ |
-agovuos /-aɡɔvuos/ |
-agovuote /-aɡɔvuotɛ/ |
-agovú /-aɡɔvuː/ |
-agovún /-aɡɔvuːn/ |
||||
| past | -âlevei, rnosevei /-ɤlɛvei/ /ˈrnɔsɛvei/ |
-âleven, rnoseven /-ɤlɛvɛn/ /ˈrnɔsɛvɛn/ |
-âleveș, rnoseveș /-ɤlɛvɛʃ/ /ˈrnɔsɛvɛʃ/ |
-âleve, rnoseve /-ɤlɛvɛ/ /ˈrnɔsɛvɛ/ |
-âlevuos, rnosevuos /-ɤlɛvuos/ /ˈrnɔsɛvuos/ |
-âlevuote, rnosevuote /-ɤlɛvuotɛ/ /ˈrnɔsɛvuotɛ/ |
-âlevú, rnosevú /-ɤlɛvuː/ /ˈrnɔsɛvuː/ |
-âlevún, rnosevún /-ɤlɛvuːn/ /ˈrnɔsɛvuːn/ |
|||||
| habitual | indicative | non-past | -ariè /-ari.ɛ/ |
-arin /-arin/ |
-ariș /-ariʃ/ |
-ari /-ari/ |
-agúris /-aɡuːris/ |
-agúrite /-aɡuːritɛ/ |
-agúri /-aɡuːri/ |
-agúrin /-aɡuːrin/ |
|||
| past | -âleriè, rnoseriè /-ɤlɛri.ɛ/ /rnɔˈsɛri.ɛ/ |
-âlerin, rnoserin /-ɤlɛrin/ /ˈrnɔsɛrin/ |
-âleriș, rnoseriș /-ɤlɛriʃ/ /ˈrnɔsɛriʃ/ |
-âleri, rnoseri /-ɤlɛri/ /ˈrnɔsɛri/ |
-âlúris, rnosúris /-ɤluːris/ /rnɔˈsuːris/ |
-âlúrite, rnosúrite /-ɤluːritɛ/ /rnɔˈsuːritɛ/ |
-âlúri, rnosúri /-ɤluːri/ /rnɔˈsuːri/ |
-âlúrin, rnosúrin /-ɤluːrin/ /rnɔˈsuːrin/ |
|||||
| subjunctive | non-past | -agariè /-aɡari.ɛ/ |
-agarin /-aɡarin/ |
-agariș /-aɡariʃ/ |
-agari /-aɡari/ |
-agavúris /-aɡavuːris/ |
-agavúrite /-aɡavuːritɛ/ |
-agavúri /-aɡavuːri/ |
-agavúrin /-aɡavuːrin/ |
||||
| past | -âlairiè, rnosairiè /-ɤlairi.ɛ/ /rnɔˈsairi.ɛ/ |
-âlairin, rnosairin /-ɤlairin/ /rnɔˈsairin/ |
-âlairiș, rnosairiș /-ɤlairiʃ/ /rnɔˈsairiʃ/ |
-âlairi, rnosairi /-ɤlairi/ /rnɔˈsairi/ |
-âlavúris, rnosavúris /-ɤlavuːris/ /ˈrnɔsavuːris/ |
-âlavúrite, rnosavúrite /-ɤlavuːritɛ/ /ˈrnɔsavuːritɛ/ |
-âlavúri, rnosavúri /-ɤlavuːri/ /ˈrnɔsavuːri/ |
-âlavúrin, rnosavúrin /-ɤlavuːrin/ /ˈrnɔsavuːrin/ |
|||||
| optative | non-past | -agúriè /-aɡuːri.ɛ/ |
-agúrin /-aɡuːrin/ |
-agúriș /-aɡuːriʃ/ |
-agúri /-aɡuːri/ |
-agovúris /-aɡɔvuːris/ |
-agovúrite /-aɡɔvuːritɛ/ |
-agovúri /-aɡɔvuːri/ |
-agovúrin /-aɡɔvuːrin/ |
||||
| past | -âleveriè, rnoseveriè /-ɤlɛvɛri.ɛ/ /rnɔˈsɛvɛri.ɛ/ |
-âleverin, rnoseverin /-ɤlɛvɛrin/ /rnɔˈsɛvɛrin/ |
-âleveriș, rnoseveriș /-ɤlɛvɛriʃ/ /rnɔˈsɛvɛriʃ/ |
-âleveri, rnoseveri /-ɤlɛvɛri/ /rnɔˈsɛvɛri/ |
-âlevúris, rnosevúris /-ɤlɛvuːris/ /ˈrnɔsɛvuːris/ |
-âlevúrite, rnosevúrite /-ɤlɛvuːritɛ/ /ˈrnɔsɛvuːritɛ/ |
-âlevúri, rnosevúri /-ɤlɛvuːri/ /ˈrnɔsɛvuːri/ |
-âlevúrin, rnosevúrin /-ɤlɛvuːrin/ /ˈrnɔsɛvuːrin/ |
|||||
Etymology 2
From Middle Radestrian -att, from Old Radestrian -att, inherited from Proto-Radic *-aht, from Proto-Hirdic *-a-, from Proto-Laenkean *-m̥.
Suffix
-at (verbal, first-person singular non-past -ai, first-person singular past -aei, present adverbial participle -aivú, -amivú, past adverbial participle -aúl, -múl, verbal noun -anș)
- copular verbaliser
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -at (active voice) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nonfinite forms | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | -at /-at/ |
||||||||||||
| connegative | -ata /-ata/ |
||||||||||||
| supine | -atúr /-atuːr/ |
||||||||||||
| participle | present | adjectival | -aiș, -amiș (archaic) /-aiʃ/ /-amiʃ/ |
||||||||||
| adverbial | -aivú, -amivú (archaic) /-aivuː/ /-amivuː/ |
||||||||||||
| past | adjectival | -aúș, -múș (archaic) /-a.uːʃ/ /-muːʃ/ |
|||||||||||
| adverbial | -aúl, -múl (archaic) /-a.uːl/ /-muːl/ |
||||||||||||
| verbal noun | -anș /-anʃ/ |
||||||||||||
| finite forms | singular | plural | humble | ||||||||||
| first | second | third | depersonal | first | second | third | depersonal | second | |||||
| informal | formal | inclusive | exclusive | ||||||||||
| ú | re | lește | vâs, vara | gjei, gjen, gjeș … | dzun, sted | dzate | sjáște | vír, vara | gjes, gjete, gje, gjen … | sja, lai | |||
| simple | imperative | -aja /-aja/ |
-avúș /-avuːʃ/ |
-avuoș /-avuoʃ/ |
-avovú /-avɔvuː/ |
-avúr /-avuːr/ |
|||||||
| indicative | non-past | -ai /-ai/ |
-á /-aː/ |
-aș /-aʃ/ |
-a /-a/ |
-avuos /-avuos/ |
-avuote /-avuotɛ/ |
-avú /-avuː/ |
-avún /-avuːn/ |
||||
| past | -aei /-a.ei/ |
-aen /-a.ɛn/ |
-aeș /-a.ɛʃ/ |
-ae /-a.ɛ/ |
-auos /-a.uos/ |
-auote /-a.uotɛ/ |
-aú /-a.uː/ |
-aún /-a.uːn/ |
|||||
| subjunctive | non-past | -áe /-aːɛ/ |
-áva /-aːva/ |
-áș /-aːʃ/ |
-á /-aː/ |
-ávuos /-aːvuos/ |
-ávuote /-aːvuotɛ/ |
-ávú /-aːvuː/ |
-ávún /-aːvuːn/ |
||||
| past | -áen /-aːɛn/ |
-áeș /-aːɛʃ/ |
-áe /-aːɛ/ |
||||||||||
| optative | non-past | -avúe /-avuːɛ/ |
-avova /-avɔva/ |
-avúș /-avuːʃ/ |
-avú /-avuː/ |
-avovuos /-avɔvuos/ |
-avovuote /-avɔvuotɛ/ |
-avovú /-avɔvuː/ |
-avovún /-avɔvuːn/ |
||||
| past | -aevei /-a.ɛvei/ |
-aeven /-a.ɛvɛn/ |
-aeveș /-a.ɛvɛʃ/ |
-aeve /-a.ɛvɛ/ |
-aevuos /-a.ɛvuos/ |
-aevuote /-a.ɛvuotɛ/ |
-aevú /-a.ɛvuː/ |
-aevún /-a.ɛvuːn/ |
|||||
| habitual | indicative | non-past | -ariè /-ari.ɛ/ |
-arin /-arin/ |
-ariș /-ariʃ/ |
-ari /-ari/ |
-avúris /-avuːris/ |
-avúrite /-avuːritɛ/ |
-avúri /-avuːri/ |
-avúrin /-avuːrin/ |
|||
| past | -aeriè /-a.ɛri.ɛ/ |
-aerin /-a.ɛrin/ |
-aeriș /-a.ɛriʃ/ |
-aeri /-a.ɛri/ |
-aúris /-a.uːris/ |
-aúrite /-a.uːritɛ/ |
-aúri /-a.uːri/ |
-aúrin /-a.uːrin/ |
|||||
| subjunctive | non-past | -áriè /-aːri.ɛ/ |
-árin /-aːrin/ |
-áriș /-aːriʃ/ |
-ári /-aːri/ |
-ávúris /-aːvuːris/ |
-ávúrite /-aːvuːritɛ/ |
-ávúri /-aːvuːri/ |
-ávúrin /-aːvuːrin/ |
||||
| past | -áeriè /-aːɛri.ɛ/ |
-áerin /-aːɛrin/ |
-áeriș /-aːɛriʃ/ |
-áeri /-aːɛri/ |
|||||||||
| optative | non-past | -avúriè /-avuːri.ɛ/ |
-avúrin /-avuːrin/ |
-avúriș /-avuːriʃ/ |
-avúri /-avuːri/ |
-avovúris /-avɔvuːris/ |
-avovúrite /-avɔvuːritɛ/ |
-avovúri /-avɔvuːri/ |
-avovúrin /-avɔvuːrin/ |
||||
| past | -aeveriè /-a.ɛvɛri.ɛ/ |
-aeverin /-a.ɛvɛrin/ |
-aeveriș /-a.ɛvɛriʃ/ |
-aeveri /-a.ɛvɛri/ |
-aevúris /-a.ɛvuːris/ |
-aevúrite /-a.ɛvuːritɛ/ |
-aevúri /-a.ɛvuːri/ |
-aevúrin /-a.ɛvuːrin/ |
|||||
Derived terms
| ▶ Radestrian terms suffixed with -at |
Categories:
- Interlingual homographs
- Laefevian lemmas
- Laefevian suffixes
- Laefevian affixes
- Laefevian adjectival suffixes
- Radestrian copulative verbs
- Radestrian intransitive verbs
- Radestrian stative verbs
- Radestrian terms with multiple etymologies
- Radestrian lemmas
- Radestrian verbs
- Radestrian terms inherited from Middle Radestrian
- Radestrian terms inherited from Old Radestrian
- Radestrian terms inherited from Proto-Radic
- Radestrian terms inherited from Proto-Hirdic
- Radestrian terms inherited from Proto-Laenkean
- Radestrian verbal suffixes
- Radestrian affixes
- Radestrian suffixes