Appendix:Radestrian pronunciation: Difference between revisions

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{{appendix|rad}}
{| style="background:none"
{| style="background:none"
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
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| style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;" | <i>hevú<b>b</b></i>
| style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;" | <i>hevú<b>b</b></i>
|- style="vertical-align:middle;"
|- style="vertical-align:middle;"
| colspan="4" | <span class="IPA">d</span>
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | <span class="IPA">d</span>
| colspan="2" | <span class="IPA">d</span>
| style="text-align:left;" | <i><b>d</b>ars; <b>n</b>raos</i>
| style="text-align:left;" | <i><b>d</b>ars; <b>n</b>raos</i>
|- style="vertical-align:middle;"
| colspan="2" | <span class="IPA">t</span>
| style="text-align:left;" | <i>vai<b>d</b></i>
|- style="vertical-align:middle;"
|- style="vertical-align:middle;"
| colspan="2" | <span class="IPA">dv</span>
| colspan="2" | <span class="IPA">dv</span>
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| <span class="IPA">dˠ</span>
| <span class="IPA">dˠ</span>
| style="text-align:left;" | <i><b>dv</b>uoþs</i>
| style="text-align:left;" | <i><b>dv</b>uoþs</i>
|- style="vertical-align:middle;"
| colspan="2" | <span class="IPA">d</span>
| colspan="2" | <span class="IPA">t</span>
| style="text-align:left;" | <i>vai<b>d</b></i>
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" colspan="2" | <span class="IPA">dz</span>
| rowspan="2" colspan="2" | <span class="IPA">dz</span>
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| style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;" | <i><b>dzj</b>ảt</i>
| style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;" | <i><b>dzj</b>ảt</i>
|- style="vertical-align:middle;"
|- style="vertical-align:middle;"
| colspan="4" | <span class="IPA">ð</span>
| rowspan="2" colspan="2" | <span class="IPA">ð</span>
| colspan="2" | <span class="IPA">ð</span>
| style="text-align:left;" | <i>dvo<b>ð</b>ai</i>
| style="text-align:left;" | <i>dvo<b>ð</b>ai</i>
|-
|-
| colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | <span class="IPA">ð</span>
| colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | <span class="IPA">θ</span>
| colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | <span class="IPA">θ</span>
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | <i>u<b>ð</b></i>
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | <i>u<b>ð</b></i>
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| colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | <span class="IPA">k</span>
| colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | <span class="IPA">k</span>
| style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;" | <i>hje<b>g</b></i>
| style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;" | <i>hje<b>g</b></i>
|- style="vertical-align:middle;"
| colspan="4" | <span class="IPA">ɡj</span>
| style="text-align:left;" | <i><b>gĵ</b>áþs</i>
|- style="vertical-align:middle;"
|- style="vertical-align:middle;"
| colspan="2" | <span class="IPA">ɡv</span>
| colspan="2" | <span class="IPA">ɡv</span>
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| rowspan="2" | <span class="IPA">j</span>
| rowspan="2" | <span class="IPA">j</span>
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | <span class="IPA">j</span>
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | <span class="IPA">j</span>
| style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;" | <i><b>j</b>aut; bá<b>j</b>r</i>
| style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;" | <i><b>j</b>aut; bá<b>j</b>r; g<b>ĵ</b>áþs; s<b>ĵ</b>ákt</i>
|-
|-
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | <span class="IPA">ʎ</span>
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | <span class="IPA">ʎ</span>
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| style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;" | <i><b>k</b>øat; valz<b>g</b>t</i>
| style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;" | <i><b>k</b>øat; valz<b>g</b>t</i>
|-
|-
| colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | <span class="IPA">kv</span>
| colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | <span class="IPA">kf</span>
| style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;" | <i><b>kv</b>ars</i>
| style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;" | <i><b>kv</b>ars</i>
|-
|-
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|-
|-
| rowspan="2" colspan="2" | <span class="IPA">n</span>
| rowspan="2" colspan="2" | <span class="IPA">n</span>
| rowspan="3" | <span class="IPA">n</span>
| rowspan="4" | <span class="IPA">n</span>
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | <span class="IPA">n</span>
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | <span class="IPA">n</span>
| style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;" | <i><b>n</b>ýrims</i>
| style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;" | <i><b>n</b>ýrims</i>
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| style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;" | <i>a<b>nv</b>as</i>
| style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;" | <i>a<b>nv</b>as</i>
|- style="vertical-align:middle;"
|- style="vertical-align:middle;"
| colspan="4" | <span class="IPA">ɲ</span>
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | <span class="IPA">ɲ</span>
| style="text-align:left;" | <i><b>nj</b>øs; dao<b>nj</b>va</i>
| rowspan="2" | <span class="IPA">ɲ</span>
| style="text-align:left;" | <i>dao<b>nj</b>va</i>
|- style="vertical-align:middle;"
| <span class="IPA">ɲ</span>
| style="text-align:left;" | <i><b>nj</b>øs</i>
|- style="vertical-align:middle;"
|- style="vertical-align:middle;"
| colspan="4" | <span class="IPA">ŋ</span>
| colspan="4" | <span class="IPA">ŋ</span>
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| style="vertical-align:middle;" | <span class="IPA">sˠ</span>
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | <span class="IPA">sˠ</span>
| style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;" | <i><b>sv</b>uiș</i>
| style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;" | <i><b>sv</b>uiș</i>
|- style="vertical-align:middle;"
| colspan="4" | <span class="IPA">sj</span>
| style="text-align:left;" | <i><b>sĵ</b>ákt</i>
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" | <span class="IPA">ʃ</span>
| rowspan="2" | <span class="IPA">ʃ</span>
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|-
|-
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | <span class="IPA">ʃ</span>
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | <span class="IPA">ʃ</span>
| rowspan="2" | <span class="IPA">ʃ</span>
| <span class="IPA">ʃ</span>
| style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;" | <i><b>sj</b>aus; k<b>ș</b>aovs</i>
| style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;" | <i><b>sj</b>aus; k<b>ș</b>aovs</i>
|-
|-
| colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | <span class="IPA">ʃv</span>
| colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | <span class="IPA">ʃv</span>
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | <span class="IPA">ʂ</span>
| style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;" | <i><b>șv</b>omai</i>
| style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;" | <i><b>șv</b>omai</i>
|-
|-
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| style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;" | <i><b>t</b>ojes; asa<b>d</b>ta</i>
| style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;" | <i><b>t</b>ojes; asa<b>d</b>ta</i>
|-
|-
| colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | <span class="IPA">tv</span>
| colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | <span class="IPA">tf</span>
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | <span class="IPA">tˠ</span>
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | <span class="IPA">tˠ</span>
| style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;" | <i><b>tv</b>ír</i>
| style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;" | <i><b>tv</b>ír</i>
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| style="vertical-align:middle;" | <span class="IPA">tsˠ</span>
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | <span class="IPA">tsˠ</span>
| style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;" | <i>o<b>cv</b>air·</i>
| style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;" | <i>o<b>cv</b>air·</i>
|- style="vertical-align:middle;"
| colspan="4" | <span class="IPA">tsj</span>
| style="text-align:left;" | <i><b>cĵ</b>át</i>
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" colspan="2" | <span class="IPA">tʃ</span>
| rowspan="2" colspan="2" | <span class="IPA">tʃ</span>
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| style="text-align:left;" | <i><b>kj</b>ezvusk; <b>tj</b>eștres; va<b>ķ</b></i>
| style="text-align:left;" | <i><b>kj</b>ezvusk; <b>tj</b>eștres; va<b>ķ</b></i>
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" colspan="2" | <span class="IPA">tʃ</span>
| rowspan="2" | <span class="IPA">tʃ</span>
| <span class="IPA">tʃ</span>
| style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;" | <i>heņre<b>cj</b>es</i>
| style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;" | <i>heņre<b>cj</b>es</i>
|-
|-
| colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | <span class="IPA">tʃv</span>
| colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | <span class="IPA">tʃv</span>
| <span class="IPA">tʂ</span>
| style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;" | <i>ljá<b>ķv</b>air</i>
| style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;" | <i>ljá<b>ķv</b>air</i>
|-
|-
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| rowspan="2" colspan="2" | <span class="IPA">z</span>
| rowspan="2" colspan="2" | <span class="IPA">z</span>
| colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | <span class="IPA">z</span>
| colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | <span class="IPA">z</span>
| style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;" | <i><b>z</b>dras; ta<b>s</b>g</i>
| style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;" | <i><b>z</b>ras; ta<b>s</b>g</i>
|-
|-
| colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | <span class="IPA">s</span>
| colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | <span class="IPA">s</span>
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|-
|-
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | <span class="IPA">ʒ</span>
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | <span class="IPA">ʒ</span>
| rowspan="2" | <span class="IPA">ʒ</span>
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | <span class="IPA">ʒ</span>
| style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;" | <i>o<b>zj</b>es; ore<b>x</b>us</i>
| style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;" | <i>o<b>zj</b>es; ha<b>x</b>ga</i>
|-
|-
| colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | <span class="IPA">ʒv</span>
| colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | <span class="IPA">ʒv</span>
| style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;" | <i>ore<b>xv</b>a</i>
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | <span class="IPA">ʐ</span>
| style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;" | —
|-
! colspan="5" | Marginal consonants
|- style="vertical-align:middle;"
| colspan="4" | <span class="IPA">w</span>
| style="text-align:left;" | <i>al<b>u</b>a; <b>u</b>e; <b>W</b>oriks</i>
|-  
|-  
! colspan="5" | Non-native consonants
! colspan="5" | Non-native consonants
|- style="vertical-align:middle;"
|- style="vertical-align:middle;"
| colspan="4" | <span class="IPA">ɣ<br>(g)</span>
| colspan="4" | <span class="IPA">ɣ<br>(x~h~∅)</span>
| style="text-align:left;" | <i>-<b>ğ</b>-</i>
| style="text-align:left;" | <i><b>h</b>erands, sjorķa<b>h</b>a</i>
|- style="vertical-align:middle;"
| colspan="4" | <span class="IPA">w<br>(v)</span>
| style="text-align:left;" | <i><b>W</b>oriks</i>
|- style="vertical-align:middle;"
|- style="vertical-align:middle;"
| colspan="2" | <span class="IPA">x</span>
| colspan="2" | <span class="IPA">x</span>
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| colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | <span class="IPA">iːː</span>
| colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | <span class="IPA">iːː</span>
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | <span class="IPA">iː</span>
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | <span class="IPA">iː</span>
| style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;" | <i>v<b>ỉ</b>ș; zdr<b>ỷ</b>ris</i>
| style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;" | <i>v<b>ỉ</b>ș; R<b>ỷ</b>r</i>
|-
|-
| colspan="4" style="vertical-align:middle;" | <span class="IPA">ɔ</span>
| colspan="4" style="vertical-align:middle;" | <span class="IPA">ɔ</span>
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| colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | <span class="IPA">iːe</span>
| colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | <span class="IPA">iːe</span>
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | <span class="IPA">ie</span>
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | <span class="IPA">ie</span>
| style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;" | <i>dz<b>ỉe</b>s</i>
| style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;" | <i>dz<b>ỉe</b>s; R<b>ỷe</b>șa</i>
|- style="vertical-align:middle;"
|- style="vertical-align:middle;"
| colspan="2" | <span class="IPA">ɔa</span>
| colspan="2" | <span class="IPA">ɔa</span>
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! colspan="5" | Non-native vowels
! colspan="5" | Non-native vowels
|- style="vertical-align:middle;"
|- style="vertical-align:middle;"
| colspan="2" | <span class="IPA">ɑː<br>(aː)</span>
| colspan="2" | <span class="IPA">eː<br>(ie)</span>
| <span class="IPA">ɑː</span>
| <span class="IPA">ɑː<br>(ɔː)</span>
| style="text-align:left;" | <i>-<b>á</b>-</i> from Riyan
|- style="vertical-align:middle;"
| colspan="2" | <span class="IPA">eː<br>(ei)</span>
| colspan="2" | <span class="IPA">eː</span>
| colspan="2" | <span class="IPA">eː</span>
| style="text-align:left;" | <i>-<b>é</b>-</i>
| style="text-align:left;" | <i>-<b>é</b>-</i>
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|-
|-
| colspan="4" style="vertical-align:middle;" | <span class="IPA">ˈ</span>
| colspan="4" style="vertical-align:middle;" | <span class="IPA">ˈ</span>
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | <i>sjavair·ljere<br></i>[<b>ˌ</b>ʃavair<b>ˈ</b>jɛrɛ]
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | <i>sjavair·ljere<br></i>[<b>ˌ</b>ʃavai<b>ˈ</b>rjɛrɛ]
|-
|-
| colspan="4" style="vertical-align:middle;" | <span class="IPA">ˌ</span>
| colspan="4" style="vertical-align:middle;" | <span class="IPA">ˌ</span>
|}
|}
|}
|}

Latest revision as of 10:26, 7 October 2024

Consonants
SR HD CR IR Examples
b b b byeat
bˠ bvar
p hevúb
d d dars; nraos
t vaid
dv d dˠ dvuoþs
dz dz dzars
ts hjendzs
dzv dz dzˠ dzvuksa
dʒ ɡj ɟ djáș; tedxa (CR, IR teģa)
dʒ dzjảt
ð ð dvoðai
θ uð
∅
f f fá; aruovs
fˠ fvans
ɡ ɡ groviș
k hjeg
ɡv ɡ gvieș
h hai
j j j jaut; bájr; gĵáþs; sĵákt
ʎ ljás; eljemt; ciļerbt (IR, cf. SR cièrbt)
ɡj ɟ gjoriș
k k køat; valzgt
kf kvars
l l l lája
lv ɫ lvoat
m m m más
mˠ mvaþers
mv remvaiș
n n n nýrims
nˠ nvasta
nv anvas
ɲ ɲ daonjva
ɲ njøs
ŋ dziņs; rengedzs
p p p poliș; rabs; iebt
pˠ sprapvas; spvocía (SR sprafvas; sfvocía)
r r r raș
rv rˠ rvaus
s s s sfvocía; às
sv sˠ svuiș
ʃ ç ʃ ç hjádvanþs
ʃ ʃ sjaus; kșaovs
ʃv ʂ șvomai
t t t tojes; asadta
tf tˠ tvír
ts ts ts cynus; brycs; arøts; sletsa
tsv tsˠ ocvair·
tʃ kj c kjezvusk; tjeștres; vaķ
tʃ tʃ heņrecjes
tʃv tʂ ljáķvair
v v v vaors; úfjorks; refjorks
vˠ Sjâva; var
f ív
xj ~ ç j ɬ hĵáþs (IR hļáþs)
xl l l̥ hlorans
xm m m̥ hmanþs
xn n n̥ hnír
xŋ ŋ ŋ̊ hņía; asehņieș
xr r r̥ hraza
xv v f hvaus
z z zras; tasg
s drjázs;
zv z zˠ kjezvusk
ʒ ʝ ʒ ʝ jvars
ʒ ʒ ozjes; haxga
ʒv ʐ —
Marginal consonants
w alua; ue; Woriks
Non-native consonants
ɣ
(x~h~∅) 		herands, sjorķaha
x Ø -hC-
ʔ, q
(k) 		Iráqs
Vowels
SR HD CR IR Examples
Monophthongs
a ɑ ɐ hras
aː aː a tát
aːː aː vjảt
æː ɛː deat
ɤ dzun; pâse; lvûșevú; vlunza
ɛ elt
i ɪ irgár; yrjelt
iː iː i níva; hlýgans
iːː iː vỉș; Rỷr
ɔ oraș; ostárs; hort
ɔː ɑː ɔː vaors
œ gjedrøs
u ʊ fjucei
uː uː u arúval
uːː uː sjetủ
Diphthongs
ai ɛː eː faiș; hredai
vjeiș
ɑi øy røi
au ɔː oː sjaus
ɤi ɤː ɤi mvuiș; câiș
ei eː tviej
varei
ɑi øy harøi
ia iɑ iɐ ieas; dzyeat
ie ie iɤ glierms; hlyevs
iːe ie dzỉes; Rỷeșa
ɔa wa ɔː roat
ɔi lņuojrs; hjaoi
œa œː køat
øi øː øy lyejr
ua uɑ uɐ kuoat
uo wɔ (+ˠ) ɔ duot
uo uɤ gvuoș
uːo uo krủos
Non-native vowels
eː
(ie) 		eː -é-
oː
(uo) 		bórjesta
y
(i) 		ʏ
(ɪ) 		kỳrjesta
Stress
ˈ sjavair·ljere
[ˌʃavaiˈrjɛrɛ]
ˌ
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