vat

Laefevian

Etymology

From Proto-Laefevic *bʱatah, from Proto-Laenkean *bʱatas (“eye”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /vat/

Noun

vat

1. (anatomy) eye

   Jans vat vi šuñǧas.

   My left eye hurts.

Inflection

Primary case declension of vat (see Laefevian declension)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	vat	vatund	vatir
accusative	vate	vatundi	vati
genitive	vatau	vatundas	vatas, vatiras†
dative	vatun	vatundon	vatirons, vatonc
locative	vatul	vatundos	vatiross, vatosc
instrumental	vatô	vatundêt	vatirêts, vatêtc
Note: † archaic, s standard or formal, c colloquial or informal.

Secondary case declension of vat (see Laefevian declension)
accusative-based cases	singular	dual	plural
sublative	vatere	vatundire	vatire
illative	vatele	vatundile	vatile
benefactive	vatear	vatundiar	vatiar
prolative	vatekwe	vatundikwe	vatikwe
causal-final	vatedis	vatundirris	vatirris
genitive-based cases	singular	dual	plural
delative	vatôka	vatundirka	vatirka
elative	vatôtan	vatundirtan	vatirtan
ablative	vataôn	vatundiruôn	vatiruôn
essive	vatôjøn	vatundirjøn	vatirjøn
abessive	vatôze	vatundirse	vatirse
dative-based cases	singular	dual	plural
terminative	vatumas	vatundirmas	vatirmas
lative	vatunši	vatundirši	vatirši
locative-based cases	singular	dual	plural
superessive	vatuneres, vatunerc	vatundirorres, vatundorrec	vatirorres, vatorrec
inessive	vatulle	vatundirolles, vatundollec	vatirolles, vatollec
exessive	vatunun	vatundirsun	vatirsun
perlative	vatuffêl	vatundirfêl	vatirfêl
instrumental-based cases	singular	dual	plural
translative	vatôske	vatundirêskes, vatundêskec	vatirêskes, vatêskec
comitative	vatôsôds, vatôdc	vatundirtôds, vatundôdc	vatirtôd
Note: s standard or formal, c colloquial or informal.

Possessive forms of {{{6}}}
possessor	singular	dual	plural
1st person	ovvat	þevvat	avvat
2nd person	ivvat	filvat	sôvvat
3rd person	javvat	lunvat	lavvat
reflexive	yvvat

Translations

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Radestrian

Alternative forms

• -at (enclitic form)

Etymology

From Middle Radestrian hvatt, from Old Radestrian hlatt, inherited from Proto-Radic *hılht, from Proto-Hirdic *p̄ɯl-. from Proto-Laenkean *pɯl-, Suppleted forms from Old Radestrian rnatht, from Proto-Hirdic *snat-, from Proto-Laenkean *(s)natʼ-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /vat/
• Rhyme: -at ⁽²⁾

Verb

vat (first-person singular non-past vage, third-person singular non-past vaș, first-person singular past hâlei, rnosei, present adverbial participle rnastivú, past adverbial participle rnatúl, verbal noun hovaș, rnataș)

1. (copulative) to be (equivalence)

   Antonym: hjeat

   Vâs voí asmeșír-aș!

   He’s just a boy!

2. (copulative) Used with adjectival predicates to describe characteristics of the subject.

   Ú þyriș-age.

   I am German.

3. (copulative) Used with adverbial predicates to describe states of the subject.

   Ú ỉ vage.

   I am hot. / I feel hot.

4. (intransitive) to exist, there to be, also used in constructions which translate as to have.

   Vagú þrane la virșa dziun!

   There are animals in my house!

   Ven dzínis-aș.

   I have a daughter. (lit. To me there is a daughter.)

5. (intransitive, stative) to be (in a place, at a time)

   U haldzỉr teral-âleș.

   The architect was here.

6. (auxiliary) to be (used to form the continuous aspect with the present adverbial participle)
7. (auxiliary) to have (used to form the perfective aspect with the past adverbial participle)

Usage notes

• When introducing a predicate ending in a consonant, the enclitic form -at can be used.
• The verb vat does not have a connegative form.
  • For negations of vat in all senses, the verb hjeat is used.
• Indicative non-past depersonal forms are only used emphatically. Otherwise, they are elided.
• The verbal noun hovaș tends to refer to identities, whereas rnataș refers to states.
• Past forms in hâl- are the most common.
  • Past forms in rnos- are used mainly to imply a contrast between the past and the present.

Conjugation

Conjugation of vat (active voice)
nonfinite forms
infinitive			vat /vat/
connegative			vat does not have a connegative
supine			vatúr /ˈvatuːr/
participle	present	adjectival	rnastiș /ˈrnastiʃ/
		adverbial	rnastivú /ˈrnastivuː/
	past	adjectival	rnatúș /ˈrnatuːʃ/
		adverbial	rnatúl /ˈrnatuːl/
verbal noun			hovaș, rnataș /ˈhɔvaʃ/ /ˈrnataʃ/
finite forms			singular					plural					humble
			first	second		third	depersonal	first		second	third	depersonal	second
				informal	formal			inclusive	exclusive
			ú	re	lește	vâs, vara	gjei, gjen, gjeș …	dzun, sted	dzate	sjáște	vír, vara	gjes, gjete, gje, gjen …	sja, lai
simple	imperative			vaga /ˈvaɡa/	vagúș /ˈvaɡuːʃ/			vaguoș /ˈvaɡuoʃ/		vagovú /ˈvaɡɔvuː/			vagúr /ˈvaɡuːr/
	indicative	non-past	vage /ˈvaɡɛ/		vaș /vaʃ/		vag /vaɡ/	vaguos /ˈvaɡuos/	vaguote /vaˈɡuotɛ/	vagú /ˈvaɡuː/			vagún /ˈvaɡuːn/
		past	hâlei, rnosei /ˈhɤlei/ /ˈrnɔsei/	hâlen, rnosen /ˈhɤlɛn/ /ˈrnɔsɛn/	hâleș, rnoseș /ˈhɤlɛʃ/ /ˈrnɔsɛʃ/		hâle, rnose /ˈhɤlɛ/ /ˈrnɔsɛ/	hâluos, rnosuos /ˈhɤluos/ /ˈrnɔsuos/	hâluote, rnosuote /hɤˈluotɛ/ /rnɔˈsuotɛ/	hâlú, rnosú /ˈhɤluː/ /ˈrnɔsuː/			hâlún, rnosún /ˈhɤluːn/ /ˈrnɔsuːn/
	subjunctive	non-past	vagai /ˈvaɡai/	vagá /ˈvaɡaː/	vagaș /ˈvaɡaʃ/		vaga /ˈvaɡa/	vagavuos /ˈvaɡavuos/	vagavuote /ˈvaɡavuotɛ/	vagavú /ˈvaɡavuː/			vagavún /ˈvaɡavuːn/
		past	hâlai, rnosai /ˈhɤlai/ /ˈrnɔsai/	hâlain, rnosain /ˈhɤlain/ /ˈrnɔsain/	hâlaiș, rnosaiș /ˈhɤlaiʃ/ /ˈrnɔsaiʃ/		hâlai, rnosai /ˈhɤlai/ /ˈrnɔsai/	hâlavuos, rnosavuos /ˈhɤlavuos/ /ˈrnɔsavuos/	hâlavuote, rnosavuote /ˈhɤlavuotɛ/ /ˈrnɔsavuotɛ/	hâlavú, rnosavú /ˈhɤlavuː/ /ˈrnɔsavuː/			hâlavún, rnosavún /ˈhɤlavuːn/ /ˈrnɔsavuːn/
	optative	non-past	vagúe /vaˈɡuːɛ/	vagova /ˈvaɡɔva/	vagúș /ˈvaɡuːʃ/		vagú /ˈvaɡuː/	vagovuos /ˈvaɡɔvuos/	vagovuote /ˈvaɡɔvuotɛ/	vagovú /ˈvaɡɔvuː/			vagovún /ˈvaɡɔvuːn/
		past	hâlevei, rnosevei /ˈhɤlɛvei/ /ˈrnɔsɛvei/	hâleven, rnoseven /ˈhɤlɛvɛn/ /ˈrnɔsɛvɛn/	hâleveș, rnoseveș /ˈhɤlɛvɛʃ/ /ˈrnɔsɛvɛʃ/		hâleve, rnoseve /ˈhɤlɛvɛ/ /ˈrnɔsɛvɛ/	hâlevuos, rnosevuos /ˈhɤlɛvuos/ /ˈrnɔsɛvuos/	hâlevuote, rnosevuote /ˈhɤlɛvuotɛ/ /ˈrnɔsɛvuotɛ/	hâlevú, rnosevú /ˈhɤlɛvuː/ /ˈrnɔsɛvuː/			hâlevún, rnosevún /ˈhɤlɛvuːn/ /ˈrnɔsɛvuːn/
habitual	indicative	non-past	variè /ˈvari.ɛ/	varin /ˈvarin/	variș /ˈvariʃ/		vari /ˈvari/	vagúris /vaˈɡuːris/	vagúrite /vaˈɡuːritɛ/	vagúri /vaˈɡuːri/			vagúrin /vaˈɡuːrin/
		past	hâleriè, rnoseriè /hɤˈlɛri.ɛ/ /rnɔˈsɛri.ɛ/	hâlerin, rnoserin /ˈhɤlɛrin/ /ˈrnɔsɛrin/	hâleriș, rnoseriș /ˈhɤlɛriʃ/ /ˈrnɔsɛriʃ/		hâleri, rnoseri /ˈhɤlɛri/ /ˈrnɔsɛri/	hâlúris, rnosúris /hɤˈluːris/ /rnɔˈsuːris/	hâlúrite, rnosúrite /hɤˈluːritɛ/ /rnɔˈsuːritɛ/	hâlúri, rnosúri /hɤˈluːri/ /rnɔˈsuːri/			hâlúrin, rnosúrin /hɤˈluːrin/ /rnɔˈsuːrin/
	subjunctive	non-past	vagariè /vaˈɡari.ɛ/	vagarin /ˈvaɡarin/	vagariș /ˈvaɡariʃ/		vagari /ˈvaɡari/	vagavúris /ˈvaɡavuːris/	vagavúrite /ˈvaɡavuːritɛ/	vagavúri /ˈvaɡavuːri/			vagavúrin /ˈvaɡavuːrin/
		past	hâlairiè, rnosairiè /hɤˈlairi.ɛ/ /rnɔˈsairi.ɛ/	hâlairin, rnosairin /hɤˈlairin/ /rnɔˈsairin/	hâlairiș, rnosairiș /hɤˈlairiʃ/ /rnɔˈsairiʃ/		hâlairi, rnosairi /hɤˈlairi/ /rnɔˈsairi/	hâlavúris, rnosavúris /ˈhɤlavuːris/ /ˈrnɔsavuːris/	hâlavúrite, rnosavúrite /ˈhɤlavuːritɛ/ /ˈrnɔsavuːritɛ/	hâlavúri, rnosavúri /ˈhɤlavuːri/ /ˈrnɔsavuːri/			hâlavúrin, rnosavúrin /ˈhɤlavuːrin/ /ˈrnɔsavuːrin/
	optative	non-past	vagúriè /vaˈɡuːri.ɛ/	vagúrin /vaˈɡuːrin/	vagúriș /vaˈɡuːriʃ/		vagúri /vaˈɡuːri/	vagovúris /ˈvaɡɔvuːris/	vagovúrite /ˈvaɡɔvuːritɛ/	vagovúri /ˈvaɡɔvuːri/			vagovúrin /ˈvaɡɔvuːrin/
		past	hâleveriè, rnoseveriè /hɤˈlɛvɛri.ɛ/ /rnɔˈsɛvɛri.ɛ/	hâleverin, rnoseverin /hɤˈlɛvɛrin/ /rnɔˈsɛvɛrin/	hâleveriș, rnoseveriș /hɤˈlɛvɛriʃ/ /rnɔˈsɛvɛriʃ/		hâleveri, rnoseveri /hɤˈlɛvɛri/ /rnɔˈsɛvɛri/	hâlevúris, rnosevúris /ˈhɤlɛvuːris/ /ˈrnɔsɛvuːris/	hâlevúrite, rnosevúrite /ˈhɤlɛvuːritɛ/ /ˈrnɔsɛvuːritɛ/	hâlevúri, rnosevúri /ˈhɤlɛvuːri/ /ˈrnɔsɛvuːri/			hâlevúrin, rnosevúrin /ˈhɤlɛvuːrin/ /ˈrnɔsɛvuːrin/

Translations

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