-iaht

Laefevian

Alternative forms

• -aht (when added to heavy vowel stems)

Etymology

Nominalised form of -ias, equivalent to -ias + -þ (-noun-deriving suffix).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /-iaxt/ [-iaxt]

Suffix

-iaht (nominal, consonant stem)

1. (productive) Used to derive nouns with a variety of meanings from corresponding adjectives.

   fielpettias (“brush-like”) → fielpettiaht (“Penicillium”) (i.e. brush-like fungus)

2. (terminologically productive) Used to derive certain geometric shapes.

   lomad (“to roll”) → lommiaht (“cylinder”)

   olke (“die”) → olkeaht (“cube”)

   surǧu (“pyramid”) → surǧuaht (“pyramid”)

   lanku (“ball (for playing)”) → lankuaht (“ball”)

3. (terminologically productive) Used to derive certain geologic or geographic terms.

   stêñis (“tight”) → stêññiaht (“gorge, ravine”)

   ørþis (“flat”) → ørþiaht (“plain, flatlands”)

   ewant (“sand”) → ewantiaht (“sandbar”)

   hranus (“dead)”) → hraniaht (“oxbow lake”)

4. (somewhat productive) Used to derive names of fruits and fruit trees that typically grow in the wild and are ungrafted.

   huntar (“cherry”) → huntarriaht (“wild cherry”)

   huntiêrpe (“cherry tree”) → huntiêrpiaht (“wild cherry tree”)

   ampar (“apple”) → amparriaht (“wild apple”)

   miêrpe (“apple tree”) → miêrpiaht (“wild apple tree”)

5. (somewhat productive) Used to derive names of berries and berry plants that grow in the wild.

   arkøikši (“blueberry”) → arkøikšiaht (“wild blueberry”)

   arkøihke (“blueberry plant”) → arkøihkiaht (“wild blueberry plant”)

   telsykši (“strawberry”) → telsykšiaht (“wild strawberry”)

   telsyhke (“strawberry plant”) → telsyhkiaht (“wild strawberry plant”)

Usage notes

The suffix causes gemination of the preceding single consonant if added directly to the base (e.g. huntar → huntarriaht). The gemination does not take place if the base does not end in a single consonant (e.g. ewant → ewantiaht), or if the base ends in a vowel (e.g. hranus → oblique hrani- → hraniaht). In some cases, the initial vowel of the suffix is omitted (e.g. olke → oblique olke → olkeaht), which mostly happens in heavy vowel-stems.

Declension

Primary case declension of -est (see Laefevian declension)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	-est	-estund	-estir
accusative	-este	-estundi	-esti
genitive	-estau	-estundas	-estas, -estiras†
dative	-estun	-estundon	-estirons, -estonc
locative	-estul	-estundos	-estiross, -estosc
instrumental	-estô	-estundêt	-estirêts, -estêtc
Note: † archaic, s standard or formal, c colloquial or informal.

Secondary case declension of -est (see Laefevian declension)
accusative-based cases	singular	dual	plural
sublative	-estere	-estundire	-estire
illative	-estele	-estundile	-estile
benefactive	-estear	-estundiar	-estiar
prolative	-estekwe	-estundikwe	-estikwe
causal-final	-estedis	-estundirris	-estirris
genitive-based cases	singular	dual	plural
delative	-estôka	-estundirka	-estirka
elative	-estôtan	-estundirtan	-estirtan
ablative	-estaôn	-estundiruôn	-estiruôn
essive	-estôjøn	-estundirjøn	-estirjøn
abessive	-estôze	-estundirse	-estirse
dative-based cases	singular	dual	plural
terminative	-estumas	-estundirmas	-estirmas
lative	-estunši	-estundirši	-estirši
locative-based cases	singular	dual	plural
superessive	-estuneres, -estunerc	-estundirorres, -estundorrec	-estirorres, -estorrec
inessive	-estulle	-estundirolles, -estundollec	-estirolles, -estollec
exessive	-estunun	-estundirsun	-estirsun
perlative	-estuffêl	-estundirfêl	-estirfêl
instrumental-based cases	singular	dual	plural
translative	-estôske	-estundirêskes, -estundêskec	-estirêskes, -estêskec
comitative	-estôsôds, -estôdc	-estundirtôds, -estundôdc	-estirtôd
Note: s standard or formal, c colloquial or informal.

Derived terms

▶ Laefevian terms suffixed with -iaht