-est
Laefevian
Etymology
Nominalised form of -is, equivalent to -is + -þ (-noun-deriving suffix).
Pronunciation
Suffix
-est (nominal, consonant stem)
- (productive) Added to transitive verbs to form words meaning a person or thing that is the object of that verb (i.e., to whom or to which an action is done); akin to English -ee.
- volad (“to teach”) → voljest (“learner, pupil, student”)
- lestynad (“to domesticate”) → lestynjest (“domestic animal”)
- ôhñôevad (“to add, to sum”) → ôhñôelvest (“addend, summand, augend”)
- ynad (“to know”) → ynjest (“acquaintance”)
- nekad (“to catch”) → nešest (“captive”)
- (productive) Added to nouns to create terms for people who attend, participate in, or go to an event; similar to English -goer.
Usage notes
The suffix causes palatalisation of the final stem consonant or consonant cluster in sense 1 but may not always happen in sense 2.
Declension
| Primary case declension of -est (see Laefevian declension) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative | -est | -estund | -estir |
| accusative | -este | -estundi | -esti |
| genitive | -estau | -estundas | -estas, -estiras† |
| dative | -estun | -estundon | -estirons, -estonc |
| locative | -estul | -estundos | -estiross, -estosc |
| instrumental | -estô | -estundêt | -estirêts, -estêtc |
| Note: † archaic, s standard or formal, c colloquial or informal. | |||
Derived terms
| ▶ Laefevian terms suffixed with -est |