ir: Difference between revisions

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{{also|-ír}}
== Radestrian ==
== Radestrian ==


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from {{inherit|rad|rad-o|jra}},
from {{inherit|rad|rad-o|jra}},
inherited
inherited
from {{inherit|rad|rad-pro|jar}},
from {{inherit|rad|rad-pro|źar}},
from {{inherit|rad|hrd-pro|ḏjes}},
from {{inherit|rad|hrd-pro|ḏjes}},
from {{inherit|rad|lnk-pro|djes-|djes}}.
from {{inherit|rad|lnk-pro|djes-|djes}}.
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=== Preposition ===
=== Preposition ===
{{head|rad|preposition
{{head|rad|preposition
}}
}} {{+|rad prep|acc}}
# {{label|rad|spatial|abstract}} {{eng|without}} {{+|l=rad|pos=preposition|acc}}
# {{label|rad|spatial|abstract}} {{eng|without}}
#: {{antonyms|rad|vas}}
#: {{antonyms|rad|vas}}


==== Usage notes ====
==== Usage notes ====
{{rad-prep|a=irá}}
{{rad-prep|a=irá}}
{{rad-enclisis|acc|ud=ûdira|base=ira}}
==== Derived terms ====
{{columns|rad
|ira-
}}


{| class="wikitable inflection table" style="text-align: center" width=100%
==== Related terms ====
! colspan=22 | Combined pronominal forms of ''{{here}}'' 
{{columns|rad
|-
|zra-
! rowspan=4 | case
}}
! colspan=11 | personal
! colspan=2 | interrogative-<br>existential
! colspan=2 | demonstrative
! colspan=6 | quantifier
|-
! colspan=4 | <small>SG</small>
! colspan=5 | <small>PL</small>
! rowspan=3 | <small>REFL</small>
! rowspan=3 | <small>RECP</small>
! rowspan=3 | <small>ANIM</small>
! rowspan=3 | <small>INAN</small>
! rowspan=3 | <small>PROX</small>
! rowspan=3 | <small>DIST</small>
! colspan=2 | collective
! colspan=2 | indefinite
! colspan=2 | general indefinite
|-
! rowspan=2 | <small>1</small>
! rowspan=2 | <small>2</small>
! colspan=2 | <small>3</small>
! colspan=2 | <small>1</small>
! rowspan=2 | <small>2</small>
! colspan=2 | <small>3</small>
! rowspan=2 | <small>ANIM</small>
! rowspan=2 | <small>INAN</small>
! rowspan=2 | <small>ANIM</small>
! rowspan=2 | <small>INAN</small>
! rowspan=2 | <small>ANIM</small>
! rowspan=2 | <small>INAN</small>
|-
! <small>ANIM</small>
! <small>INAN</small>
! <small>INCL</small>
! <small>EXCL</small>
! <small>ANIM</small>
! <small>INAN</small>
|-
! {{+|accusative}}
| {{l|rad|vest-ira}} || {{l|rad|rast-ira}} || {{l|rad|vâst-ira}} || {{l|rad|vast-ira}} || {{l|rad|dzmed-ira}} || {{l|rad|dzatud-ira}} || {{l|rad|sjád-ira}} || {{l|rad|vjed-ira}} || {{l|rad|vaid-ira}}
| {{l|rad|dzist-ira}} || {{l|rad|dzjed-ira}}
| {{l|rad|bjást-ira}} || {{l|rad|bist-ira}}
| {{l|rad|kad-ira}} || {{l|rad|okad-ira}}
| {{l|rad|vaost-ira}} || {{l|rad|utad-ira}}
| {{l|rad|byest-ira}} || {{l|rad|bust-ira}}
| {{l|rad|bjást-ira-vá}} || {{l|rad|bist-ira-vá}}
|}


==== See also ====
==== See also ====
{{rad-sprep}}
{{rad-sprep}}

Latest revision as of 14:40, 20 August 2024

See also: -ír

Radestrian

Alternative forms

  • -ira (pronominal enclitic)

Etymology

From Middle Radestrian jra, from Old Radestrian jra, inherited from Proto-Radic *źar, from Proto-Hirdic *ḏjes, from Proto-Laenkean *djes.

Pronunciation

Preposition

ir [with accusative]

  1. (spatial, abstract) without
    Antonym: vas

Usage notes

  • When followed by the definite article, ir combines with the article to produce the following forms:
Combined forms of ir
+ a + a' + ag + ai + i + u
irá irá' unchanged
(ir ag) 		unchanged
(ir ai) 		unchanged
(ir i) 		unchanged
(ir u)
  • The enclitic form is used in combination with weak pronominal complements:

Combined pronominal forms of ir 
case personal
SG PL REFL RECP
1 2 3 1 2 3
ANIM INAN INCL EXCL ANIM INAN
ú re vâs vara dzun dzate sjáște vír vara dzist dzjed
[accusative] vestira
/ˈvɛstira/		 rastira
/ˈrastira/		 vâstira
/ˈvɤstira/		 vastira
/ˈvastira/		 dzmedira
/ˈdzmɛdira/		 dzatûdira
/dzaˈtɤdira/		 sjádira
/ˈʃaːdira/		 vjedira
/ˈvjɛdira/		 vaidira
/ˈvaidira/		 dzistira
/ˈdzistira/		 dzjedira
/ˈdʒɛdira/
case number interrogative-
existential		 demonstrative quantifier
ANIM INAN PROX DIST indefinite general indefinite collective
ANIM INAN ANIM INAN ANIM INAN
bjaș bjar kjes okjes baus bvar bjaș-á bjar-á vaus var
[accusative] SG bjástira
/ˈbjaːstira/		 bistira
/ˈbistira/		 kadira
/ˈkadira/		 okadira
/ɔˈkadira/		 byestira
/ˈbiestira/		 bustira
/ˈbɤstira/		 bjástira-vá
/ˈbjaːstiravaː/		 bistira-vá
/ˈbistiravaː/		 vaostira
/ˈvɔːstira/		 utadira
/uˈtadira/
PL bjaidira
/ˈbjaidira/		 bjedira
/ˈbjɛdira/		 tedira
/ˈtɛdira/		 otedira
/ɔˈtɛdira/		 baudira
/ˈbaudira/		 bødira
/ˈbœdira/		 bjaidira-vá
/ˈbjaidiravaː/		 bjedira-vá
/ˈbjɛdiravaː/

Derived terms

Related terms

See also

Radestrian spatial prepositions
space position goal source transit
exterior lara
[genitive]
outside 		lara
[accusative]
outside 		allara
[genitive]
from outside 		ýra
[accusative]
past, by
interior
(bound space) 		la
[dative]
in, at 		la
[accusative]
into, to 		an
[genitive]
out, from 		ý
[accusative]
through
immersion tí
[instrumental]
between, amidst, in 		latí
[accusative]
between, into 		antí
[genitive]
from between, out
establishment sje
[dative]
at 		sá
[dative]
to 		tí
[accusative]
from
boundary ní
[instrumental]
by, at, beside 		ynan
[dative]
along
plane
(unbound space) 		er
[dative]
on, at 		er
[accusative]
onto, to 		ý
[accusative]
through
superior surface ha
[genitive]
off 		teșa
[genitive]
across, over
vertical/inferior
surface 		yn
[dative]
on 		yn
[accusative]
onto 		an
[genitive]
off 		ynan
[dative]
across, along
company vas
[instrumental]
with
absence ir
[accusative]
without
centre ralga
[genitive]
in the middle of 		lavas
[accusative]
into the middle of 		anvas
[genitive]
from the middle of 		ervas
[dative]
around
anterior svíma
[dative]
in front of, before, opposite 		svíma
[accusative]
towards, against 		ansvíma
[genitive]
from in front of
posterior ha
[dative]
behind, after 		ha
[accusative]
behind, after 		ana
[genitive]
from behind
superior fje
[dative]
above 		fje
[accusative]
above 		anfje
[genitive]
from above
inferior taon
[dative]
below 		taon
[accusative]
below 		andaon
[genitive]
from below
vicinity nvieru
[genitive]
near 		hjeral
[genitive]
around
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