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== Radestrian ==
== Radestrian ==
[[Category:Radestrian lemmas]]
 
[[Category:Radestrian particles]]
=== Alternative forms ===
[[Category:Radestrian conjunctions]]
* {{l|rad|gju}} (''dialectal'')
 
=== Etymology ===
=== Etymology ===
From earlier *''gjə'', from {{wl-lang|gjo|Middle Radestrian}}, inherited from {{Proto|Radic|ɣo}}, from {{Proto|Hirdic|gho}}, from {{Proto|Laenkean|g(ʱ)e/o(j)-}}.
From {{inherit|rad|rad-m|gjo}},
from {{inherit|rad|rad-o|ɣo}},
inherited
from {{inherit|rad|rad-pro|ɣo}},
from {{inherit|rad|hrd-pro|gho}},
from {{inherit|rad|lnk-pro|g(ʱ)e/o(j?)-}}.
{{root|rad|lnk-pro|g(ʱ)e/o(j?)-}}
The fronting of the vowel in Modern Radestrian is somewhat unexplained, but it is generally thought to have developed through a medial {{m|rad|nolink=1|hypo=1|gjə}}. Compare also the dialectal {{m|rad|gju}}.
{{cog|rad|lus=-u}}.


=== Pronunciation ===
=== Pronunciation ===
{{rad-pr|j|œ}}
{{rad-pronunciation|homophones|jø}}
 
=== Conjunction ===
{{head|rad|conjunction
}}
# {{eng|if}}, {{eng|whether}}, ''introduces the question of a proposition's truth value'' {{+|indicative}}
#: {{ex|rad|Hjei sjelta, <b>gjøș</b> kad devúl.|I don’t know <b>if</b> he’s done it.}}
# {{eng|even if}} {{+|subjunctive}}
#: {{ex|rad|Stratuos, <b>gjøs</b> rapavú.|We will fight, <b>even if we</b> die.}}
# {{eng|or}}, ''introduces a choice''
#: {{ex|rad|Gjøn hovend vánu, <b>gjøn</b> bist?|Do you want a cake <b>or</b> what?}}
#: {{ex|rad|Hjei sjelta, gjøș dzard sjínúl, <b>gjøș</b> drávist.|I don’t know if she’s written a song <b>or</b> a book.}}
 
==== Usage notes ====
{{rad-depersonal|conjunction}}


=== Particle ===
=== Particle ===
'''{{SUBPAGENAME}}'''
{{head|rad|particle
 
}}
# ''question-forming particle''
# ''question-forming particle''
{{defex|Bist '''gjøn''' devúl?|What '''have you''' done?}}
#: {{ex|rad|Bist <b>gjøn</b> devúl?|What <b>have you</b> done?}}
{{defex|'''Gjøș''' hovend devúl lirș skanþs?|'''Has''' your husband made the cake?}}
#: {{ex|rad|<b>Gjøș</b> a hovend devúl lirșu skanþs?|<b>Has</b> your husband made the cake?}}


==== Usage notes ====
==== Usage notes ====
* This particle adopts all personal agreement from the clause verb, leaving the verb in its impersonal form.
{{rad-depersonal|particle}}
** The impersonal form of ''{{wl-rad|vat}}'' in the indicative non-past is ∅, unless emphatic.
 
==== Inflection ====
{{rad-persconj}}


==== See also ====
==== See also ====
* {{wl-rad|gje}}
{{columns|rad|gje|gjøș hje}}
* {{wl-rad|gjøș hje}}
 
=== Conjunction ===
'''{{SUBPAGENAME}}'''
 
# {{eng|if}}, {{eng|whether}} (''introduces the question of a proposition's truth value'') [+indicative]
{{defex|Hjei sjelta, '''gjøș''' kad devúl.|I don’t know '''if''' he’s done it.}}
# {{eng|even if}} [+dubitative]
{{defex|Stratuos, '''gjøs''' rapavú.|We will fight, '''even if we''' die.}}
 
==== Usage notes ====
* This conjunction adopts all personal agreement from the clause verb, leaving the verb in its impersonal form.
** The impersonal form of ''{{wl-rad|vat}}'' in the indicative non-past is ∅, unless emphatic.


==== Inflection ====
=== Inflection ===
{{rad-persconj}}
{{rad-persconj}}

Latest revision as of 14:38, 20 August 2024

Radestrian

Alternative forms

  • gju (dialectal)

Etymology

From Middle Radestrian gjo, from Old Radestrian ɣo, inherited from Proto-Radic *ɣo, from Proto-Hirdic *gho, from Proto-Laenkean *g(ʱ)e/o(j?)-. The fronting of the vowel in Modern Radestrian is somewhat unexplained, but it is generally thought to have developed through a medial **gjə. Compare also the dialectal gju. Cognate with Lusetian -u.

Pronunciation

Conjunction

gjø

  1. if, whether, introduces the question of a proposition's truth value [with indicative]
    Hjei sjelta, gjøș kad devúl.
    I don’t know if he’s done it.
  2. even if [with subjunctive]
    Stratuos, gjøs rapavú.
    We will fight, even if we die.
  3. or, introduces a choice
    Gjøn hovend vánu, gjøn bist?
    Do you want a cake or what?
    Hjei sjelta, gjøș dzard sjínúl, gjøș drávist.
    I don’t know if she’s written a song or a book.

Usage notes

  • This conjunction adopts all personal agreement from the clause verb, leaving the verb in its depersonal form.
    • The depersonal form of vat in the indicative non-past is ∅, unless emphatic.

Particle

gjø

  1. question-forming particle
    Bist gjøn devúl?
    What have you done?
    Gjøș a hovend devúl lirșu skanþs?
    Has your husband made the cake?

Usage notes

  • This particle adopts all personal agreement from the clause verb, leaving the verb in its depersonal form.
    • The depersonal form of vat in the indicative non-past is ∅, unless emphatic.

See also

Inflection

Inflection of gjø  
person singular plural
first inclusive gjøi gjøs
exclusive gjøte
second humble gjøn
neutral gjøn gjø
third gjøș
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