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{{also|an-}}
== Radestrian ==
== Radestrian ==


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=== {{Etymology|rad|1}} ===
=== {{Etymology|rad|1}} ===
{{multiet|rad}}
From {{inherit|rad|rad-m|han}},
From {{inherit|rad|rad-m|han}},
from {{inherit|rad|rad-o|han}},
from {{inherit|rad|rad-o|han}},
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==== Preposition ====
==== Preposition ====
{{head|rad|preposition
{{head|rad|preposition
}}
}} {{+|rad prep|gen}}
# {{label|rad|spatial}} {{eng|from}}, {{eng|off}} (departure from a vertical or inferior surface) {{+|genitive|l=rad|pos=preposition}}
# {{label|rad|spatial}} {{eng|from}}, {{eng|off}} (departure from a vertical or inferior surface)
#: {{ex|rad|A lyșa hjaoșeș *an* a vjezg.|The picture fell *off* the wall.}}
#: {{ex|rad|A lyșa hjaoșeș *an* a vjezg.|The picture fell *off* the wall.}}
# {{label|rad|temporal}} {{eng|since}}, {{eng|for}} {{+|genitive}}
#: {{ex|rad|Hjaoșeș *an* a varvu njárs.|A star fell *from* the sky.}}
# {{label|rad|temporal}} {{eng|since}}, {{eng|for}}
#: {{ex|rad|*an* a slavusk|*since* the war}}
#: {{ex|rad|*an* a slavusk|*since* the war}}
#: {{ex|rad|*An* jø dvúðis gjei vanyn ardet uo.|I've been working on this *for* four days now.}}
===== Usage notes =====
* This preposition is still collocated with the {{l|rad|varus|alt=sky}}, despite it now being understood that it is not a surface. Similarly, one would also say {{m|rad|yn}} {{m|rad|a}} {{m|rad|varva|t=in the sky}}, literally ‘on the sky’.
===== Related terms =====
{{columns|rad
|an-<a:2>
}}


=== {{Etymology|rad|2}} ===
=== {{Etymology|rad|2}} ===
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==== Preposition ====
==== Preposition ====
{{head|rad|preposition
{{head|rad|preposition
}} {{+|rad prep|gen}}
# {{label|rad|spatial}} {{eng|out}}, {{eng|from}} (departure from a bound space)
#: {{ex|rad|Ambrøà a rnest *an* a spjâsk.|Take the knife *out of* the bag.}}
===== Related terms =====
{{columns|rad
|am-
}}
}}
# {{label|rad|spatial}} {{eng|out}}, {{eng|from}} (departure from a bound space) {{+|genitive}}
#: {{ex|rad|Arrøà a rnest *an* a spjâsk.|Take the knife *out of* the bag.}}


=== Usage notes ===
=== Usage notes ===
* The enclitic form is used in combination with weak pronominal complements:
{{rad-enclisis|gen|us=ûsan}}
<small>
{| class="wikitable inflection table" style="text-align: center" width=100%
! colspan=22 | Combined pronominal forms of ''{{here}}''&nbsp;
|-
! rowspan=4 | case
! colspan=11 | personal
! colspan=2 | interrogative-<br>existential
! colspan=2 | demonstrative
! colspan=6 | quantifier
|-
! colspan=4 | <small>SG</small>
! colspan=5 | <small>PL</small>
! rowspan=3 | <small>REFL</small>
! rowspan=3 | <small>RECP</small>
! rowspan=3 | <small>ANIM</small>
! rowspan=3 | <small>INAN</small>
! rowspan=3 | <small>PROX</small>
! rowspan=3 | <small>DIST</small>
! colspan=2 | collective
! colspan=2 | indefinite
! colspan=2 | general indefinite
|-
! rowspan=2 | <small>1</small>
! rowspan=2 | <small>2</small>
! colspan=2 | <small>3</small>
! colspan=2 | <small>1</small>
! rowspan=2 | <small>2</small>
! colspan=2 | <small>3</small>
! rowspan=2 | <small>ANIM</small>
! rowspan=2 | <small>INAN</small>
! rowspan=2 | <small>ANIM</small>
! rowspan=2 | <small>INAN</small>
! rowspan=2 | <small>ANIM</small>
! rowspan=2 | <small>INAN</small>
|-
! <small>ANIM</small>
! <small>INAN</small>
! <small>INCL</small>
! <small>EXCL</small>
! <small>ANIM</small>
! <small>INAN</small>
|-
! {{+|genitive}}
| {{l|rad|veskan}} || {{l|rad|raskan}} || {{l|rad|vâskan}} || {{l|rad|vaskan}} || {{l|rad|dzmesan}} || {{l|rad|dzatusan}} || {{l|rad|sjásan}} || {{l|rad|vjesan}} || {{l|rad|vaisan}}
| {{l|rad|dziskan}} || {{l|rad|dzjesan}}
| {{l|rad|bjáskan}} || {{l|rad|biskan}}
| {{l|rad|kúan}} || {{l|rad|okúan}}
| {{l|rad|vaoskan}} || {{l|rad|utúan}}
| {{l|rad|byeskan}} || {{l|rad|buskan}}
| {{l|rad|bjáskan-vá}} || {{l|rad|biskan-vá}}
|}
</small>


=== See also ===
=== See also ===
{{rad-sprep}}
{{rad-sprep}}
{{rad-tprep}}
{{rad-tprep}}

Latest revision as of 18:55, 6 August 2024

See also: an-

Radestrian

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /an/, /aŋ/ (before velars)
    • (colloquial) /ɤn/, /ɤŋ/ (before velars)
  • Rhymes: -an, -aŋ, -ɤn, -ɤŋ

Etymology 1

From Middle Radestrian han, from Old Radestrian han, inherited from Proto-Radic *han, from Proto-Hirdic *hon, from Proto-Laenkean *hon.

Preposition

an [with genitive]

  1. (spatial) from, off (departure from a vertical or inferior surface)
    A lyșa hjaoșeș an a vjezg.
    The picture fell off the wall.
    Hjaoșeș an a varvu njárs.
    A star fell from the sky.
  2. (temporal) since, for
    an a slavusk
    since the war
    An jø dvúðis gjei vanyn ardet uo.
    I've been working on this for four days now.
Usage notes
  • This preposition is still collocated with the sky, despite it now being understood that it is not a surface. Similarly, one would also say yn a varva (“in the sky”), literally ‘on the sky’.
Related terms

Etymology 2

From Middle Radestrian han, from Old Radestrian ham, inherited from Proto-Radic *ham, from Proto-Hirdic *ṯam, from Proto-Laenkean *tam.

Preposition

an [with genitive]

  1. (spatial) out, from (departure from a bound space)
    Ambrøà a rnest an a spjâsk.
    Take the knife out of the bag.
Related terms

Usage notes

  • The enclitic form is used in combination with weak pronominal complements:

Combined pronominal forms of an 
case personal
SG PL REFL RECP
1 2 3 1 2 3
ANIM INAN INCL EXCL ANIM INAN
ú re vâs vara dzun dzate sjáște vír vara dzist dzjed
[genitive] veskan
/ˈvɛskan/		 raskan
/ˈraskan/		 vâskan
/ˈvɤskan/		 vaskan
/ˈvaskan/		 dzmesan
/ˈdzmɛsan/		 dzatûsan
/ˈdzatɤsan/		 sjásan
/ˈʃaːsan/		 vjesan
/ˈvjɛsan/		 vaisan
/ˈvaisan/		 dziskan
/ˈdziskan/		 dzjesan
/ˈdʒɛsan/
case number interrogative-
existential		 demonstrative quantifier
ANIM INAN PROX DIST indefinite general indefinite collective
ANIM INAN ANIM INAN ANIM INAN
bjaș bjar kjes okjes baus bvar bjaș-á bjar-á vaus var
[genitive] SG bjáskan
/ˈbjaːskan/		 biskan
/ˈbiskan/		 kúan
/ˈkuːan/		 okúan
/ɔˈkuːan/		 byeskan
/ˈbieskan/		 buskan
/ˈbɤskan/		 bjáskan-á
/ˈbjaːskanaː/		 biskan-á
/ˈbiskanaː/		 vaoskan
/ˈvɔːskan/		 utúan
/uˈtuːan/
PL bjaisan
/ˈbjaisan/		 bjesan
/ˈbjɛsan/		 tesan
/ˈtɛsan/		 otesan
/ˈɔtɛsan/		 bausan
/ˈbausan/		 bøsan
/ˈbœsan/		 bjaisan-á
/ˈbjaisanaː/		 bjesan-á
/ˈbjɛsanaː/

See also

Radestrian spatial prepositions
space position goal source transit
exterior lara
[genitive]
outside 		lara
[accusative]
outside 		allara
[genitive]
from outside 		ýra
[accusative]
past, by
interior
(bound space) 		la
[dative]
in, at 		la
[accusative]
into, to 		an
[genitive]
out, from 		ý
[accusative]
through
immersion tí
[instrumental]
between, amidst, in 		latí
[accusative]
between, into 		antí
[genitive]
from between, out
establishment sje
[dative]
at 		sá
[dative]
to 		tí
[accusative]
from
boundary ní
[instrumental]
by, at, beside 		ynan
[dative]
along
plane
(unbound space) 		er
[dative]
on, at 		er
[accusative]
onto, to 		ý
[accusative]
through
superior surface ha
[genitive]
off 		teșa
[genitive]
across, over
vertical/inferior
surface 		yn
[dative]
on 		yn
[accusative]
onto 		an
[genitive]
off 		ynan
[dative]
across, along
company vas
[instrumental]
with
absence ir
[accusative]
without
centre ralga
[genitive]
in the middle of 		lavas
[accusative]
into the middle of 		anvas
[genitive]
from the middle of 		ervas
[dative]
around
anterior svíma
[dative]
in front of, before, opposite 		svíma
[accusative]
towards, against 		ansvíma
[genitive]
from in front of
posterior ha
[dative]
behind, after 		ha
[accusative]
behind, after 		ana
[genitive]
from behind
superior fje
[dative]
above 		fje
[accusative]
above 		anfje
[genitive]
from above
inferior taon
[dative]
below 		taon
[accusative]
below 		andaon
[genitive]
from below
vicinity nvieru
[genitive]
near 		hjeral
[genitive]
around
Radestrian temporal prepositions
before time frame after
beginning point of reference end
svíma
[dative]
before, ago 		tí
[instrumental]
within, in 		ha
[dative]
after, in
an
[genitive]
from (… on) 		ha
[accusative]
for
an
[genitive]
since, for 		yn
[accusative]
until, by, for
ý
[accusative]
during
sje
[dative]
at, with, upon (event)
er
[dative]
at (clock time)
la
[dative]
on (day), in (month)
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