hjeat: Difference between revisions

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== Radestrian ==
== Radestrian ==
[[Category:Radestrian lemmas]]
[[Category:Radestrian lemmas]]
[[Category:Radestrian verbs]]
[[Category:Radestrian intransitive verbs]]
[[Category:Radestrian copulative verbs]]
[[Category:Radestrian impersonal verbs]]


=== Etymology ===
=== Etymology ===
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{{rad-pr|ʃ|æːt|second=/çæːt/}}
{{rad-pr|ʃ|æːt|second=/çæːt/}}


=== Verb ===
{{pos|Radestrian|v}}
'''hjeat''' {{rad-conj|hjei|2S=hjeà|3S=hjeaș|húei|hûșevú|hovúl|hunș}}
'''hjeat''' {{rad-conj|hjei|2S=hjeà|3S=hjeaș|húei|hûșevú|hovúl|hunș}}
# {{lb-cop}} to {{eng|not}} {{eng|be}}
# {{lb-cop|Radestrian}} to {{eng|not}} {{eng|be}}
{{defex|'''Hjeà''' re heņgreks.|You '''are no''' king.}}
{{defex|'''Hjeà''' re heņgreks.|You '''are no''' king.}}
# {{lb-cop}} ''used with adjectival predicates to negate characteristics of the subject''
# {{lb-cop|Radestrian}} ''used with adjectival predicates to negate characteristics of the subject''
{{defex|Ú þyriș '''hjei'''.|I '''am not''' German.}}
{{defex|Ú þyriș '''hjei'''.|I '''am not''' German.}}
# {{lb-cop}} ''used with adverbial predicates to negate states of the subject''
# {{lb-cop}} ''used with adverbial predicates to negate states of the subject''
{{defex|Ú ỉ '''hjei'''.|I'''’m not''' hot. / I '''don’t feel''' hot.}}
{{defex|Ú ỉ '''hjei'''.|I'''’m not''' hot. / I '''don’t feel''' hot.}}
# {{lb-vimpers}} to {{eng|not}} {{eng|exist}}, {{eng|there_be|there not to be}}; ''also used in constructions which translate as ‘to {{eng|not}} {{eng|have|pos=Verb}}’'' [+genitive]
# {{lb-vimpers|Radestrian}} to {{eng|not}} {{eng|exist}}, {{eng|there_be|there not to be}}; ''also used in constructions which translate as ‘to {{eng|not}} {{eng|have|pos=Verb}}’'' [+genitive]
{{defex|'''Hjeaș''' þrandris la virș dziun.|'''There are no''' animals in my house.}}
{{defex|'''Hjeaș''' þrandris la virș dziun.|'''There are no''' animals in my house.}}
{{defex|Ven dzínig '''hjeaș'''.|I don't have a daughter. (''lit.'' To me '''there isn’t''' a daughter.)}}
{{defex|Ven dzínig '''hjeaș'''.|I don't have a daughter. (''lit.'' To me '''there isn’t''' a daughter.)}}
# {{lb-vintr}} to {{eng|not}} {{eng|be}} (in a place, at a time)
# {{lb-vintr|Radestrian}} to {{eng|not}} {{eng|be}} (in a place, at a time)
{{defex|Haldzỉr teral'''-úeș'''.|The architect '''wasn’t''' here.}}
{{defex|Haldzỉr teral'''-úeș'''.|The architect '''wasn’t''' here.}}
# {{lb-aux}} (''with connegative'') to {{eng|not}} (negates a proposition; accusative direct objects change to the genitive)
# {{lb-vaux}} (''with connegative'') to {{eng|not}} (negates a proposition; accusative direct objects change to the genitive)
{{defex|'''Húei''' dzoru orasta.|I '''didn't''' sing a song.}}
{{defex|'''Húei''' dzoru orasta.|I '''didn't''' sing a song.}}
# {{lb-aux}} to {{eng|not}} {{eng|be}} (used to form the negated continuous aspect with the present adverbial participle)
# {{lb-vaux|Radestrian}} to {{eng|not}} {{eng|be}} (used to form the negated continuous aspect with the present adverbial participle)
# {{lb-aux}} to {{eng|not}} {{eng|have}} (used to form the negated perfective aspect with the past adverbial participle)
# {{lb-vaux}} to {{eng|not}} {{eng|have}} (used to form the negated perfective aspect with the past adverbial participle)
# {{eng|no}}, ''response to closed questions''
# {{eng|no}}, ''response to closed questions''
{{defex|— Gjøn hredeșeí dymyet?<br>— '''Hjei'''.|— Do you speak Radestrian?<br>— '''No(, I don't)'''.}}
{{defex|— Gjøn hredeșeí dymyet?<br>— '''Hjei'''.|— Do you speak Radestrian?<br>— '''No(, I don't)'''.}}

Revision as of 18:35, 16 July 2023

Radestrian

Etymology

FromMiddle Radestrian héhtt, fromOld Radestrian hǫhtt, inherited fromProto-Radic *hǫhht (*huh-), fromProto-Hirdic *ḵɤ̄h-, fromProto-Laenkean *kajʔ-. Past forms, participles and verbal noun fromProto-Radic *huh-, a suppletive stem fromProto-Laenkean *tuʔ-.

Pronunciation

Verb

hjeat Lua error in Module:rad-stem/templates at line 955: Passive conjugation tables require arguments 6 (infinitive) and 7 (present participle stem). Please provide these parameters or set t=intr.

  1. (copulative) to not be

Lua error in Module:languages at line 5: No such language (Hjeà re heņgreks.).

  1. (copulative) used with adjectival predicates to negate characteristics of the subject

Lua error in Module:languages at line 5: No such language (Ú þyriș hjei.).

  1. (copulative) used with adverbial predicates to negate states of the subject

Lua error in Module:languages at line 5: No such language (Ú ỉ hjei.).

  1. (impersonal) to not exist, there not to be; also used in constructions which translate as ‘to not have’ [+genitive]

Lua error in Module:languages at line 5: No such language (Hjeaș þrandris la virș dziun.). Lua error in Module:languages at line 5: No such language (Ven dzínig hjeaș.).

  1. (intransitive) to not be (in a place, at a time)

Lua error in Module:languages at line 5: No such language (Haldzỉr teral-úeș.).

  1. (auxiliary) (with connegative) to not (negates a proposition; accusative direct objects change to the genitive)

Lua error in Module:languages at line 5: No such language (Húei dzoru orasta.).

  1. (auxiliary) to not be (used to form the negated continuous aspect with the present adverbial participle)
  2. (auxiliary) to not have (used to form the negated perfective aspect with the past adverbial participle)
  3. no, response to closed questions

Lua error in Module:languages at line 5: No such language (— Gjøn hredeșeí dymyet?<br>— Hjei.).

  1. Antonym: Template:wl-rad

Usage notes

  • The connegative ofvat, *vata, does not exist: hjeat on its own means to not be, unless accompanying a connegative form of another verb, in which case it acts as negation of that verb.
  • As an auxiliary, hjeat must still bear all matrix inflection.
    • The exception to this is voice, where non-finite forms have separate passive forms. Therefore, when negating a passive verb, the passive is marked in the connegative, as hjeat does not have passive forms.
  • When introducing a predicate ending in a consonant, enclitic forms with initial h- elided (not hj-) can be used. Nouns ending in -Cre- can also have their final -e elided and be followed with the enclitic form.
  • The verb hjeat does not have a connegative form, being the negated form ofvat.

Antonyms

Conjugation

Note that the compound forms below are purely hypothetical and may not be used or even considered grammatical, except for very specific nuance.

Template:rad-conj-act Post-consonantal enclitic conjugation: Template:rad-conj-act

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