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== Radestrian ==
== Radestrian ==
[[Category:Radestrian lemmas]]
 
=== Alternative forms ===
=== Alternative forms ===
* {{wl-rad|-at}} (''enclitic form'')
* {{l|rad|-at}} (''enclitic form'')


=== Etymology ===
=== Etymology ===
From {{wl-lang|hlatt|Old Radestrian}}, inherited from {{Proto|Radic|hılht}}, from {{Proto|Hirdic|p̄ɯl-}}, from {{Proto|Laenkean|pɯl-}}. Suppleted forms from {{Proto|Radic|rnatht}}, from {{Proto|Laenkean|(s)natʼ-}}.
From {{inherit|rad|rad-m|hvatt}},
from {{inherit|rad|rad-o|hlatt}},
inherited
from {{inherit|rad|rad-pro|hılht}},
from {{inherit|rad|hrd-pro|p̄ɯl-}}.
from {{inherit|rad|lnk-pro|pɯl-}},
{{root|rad|lnk-pro|pɯl-|(s)natʼ-}}
Suppleted forms from {{inherit|rad|rad-o|rnatht}}, from {{inherit|rad|hrd-pro|snat-}}, from {{inherit|rad|lnk-pro|(s)natʼ-}}.


=== Pronunciation ===
=== Pronunciation ===
{{rad-pr|v|at}}
{{rad-pr}}
 
{{pos|Radestrian|v}}
'''vat''' (''non-past 1S'' '''{{wl|vage|jump=Radestrian}}''',
''non-past 3S'' '''{{wl|vaș|jump=Radestrian}}''',
''past 1S'' '''{{wl|hâlei|jump=Radestrian}}'''/'''{{wl|rnoșei|jump=Radestrian}}''',
''present adverbial participle'' '''{{wl|rnastivú|jump=Radestrian}}''',
''past adverbial participle'' '''{{wl|rnatúl|jump=Radestrian}}''',
''verbal noun'' '''{{wl|hovaș|jump=Radestrian}}'''/'''{{wl|rnataș|jump=Radestrian}}''')


# {{lb-vcop|Radestrian}} to {{eng|be}}
=== Verb ===
{{defex|Vâs voí asmeșír'''-aș'''!|He'''’s''' just a boy!}}
{{rad-verb
# {{lb-cop}} ''used with adjectival predicates to describe characteristics of the subject''
|npst-1s=vage
{{defex|Ú þyriș-'''age'''.|I '''am''' German.}}
|npst-3s=vaș
# {{lb-cop}} ''used with adverbial predicates to describe states of the subject''
|pst-1s=hâlei|pst-1s2=rnoșei
{{defex|Ú ỉ '''vage'''.|I '''am''' hot. / I '''feel''' hot.}}
|prespart=rnastivú
# {{lb-vintr|Radestrian}} to {{eng|exist}}, {{eng|there_be|there to be}}; ''also used in constructions which translate as ‘to {{eng|have|pos=Verb}}’''
|pspart=rnatúl
{{defex|'''Vagú''' þrane la virșa dziun!|'''There are''' animals in my house!}}
|vn=hovaș|vn2=rnataș
{{defex|Ven dzínír'''-aș'''.|I have a daughter. (''lit.'' To me '''there is''' a daughter.)}}
}}
# {{lb-vintr}} to {{eng|be}} (in a place, at a time)
# {{label|rad|cop}} to {{eng|be}} (equivalence)
{{defex|U haldzỉr teral-'''âleș'''.|The architect '''was''' here.}}
#: {{antonyms|rad|hjeat}}
# {{lb-aux|Radestrian}} to {{eng|be}} (used to form the continuous aspect with the present adverbial participle)
#: {{ex|rad|Vâs voí asmeșír'''-aș'''!|He'''’s''' just a boy!}}
# {{lb-aux}} to {{eng|have}} (used to form the perfective aspect with the past adverbial participle)
# {{label|rad|cop}} ''Used with adjectival predicates to describe characteristics of the subject''.
#: {{ex|rad|Ú þyriș-'''age'''.|I '''am''' German.}}
# {{label|rad|cop}} ''Used with adverbial predicates to describe states of the subject''.
#: {{ex|rad|Ú ỉ '''vage'''.|I '''am''' hot. / I '''feel''' hot.}}
# {{label|rad|intr}} to {{eng|exist}}, {{eng|there_be|there to be}}, ''also used in constructions which translate as'' to {{eng|have}}.
#: {{ex|rad|''Vagú''' þrane la virșa dziun!|'''There are''' animals in my house!}}
#: {{ex|rad|Ven dzínír'''-aș'''.|I have a daughter. (''lit.'' To me '''there is''' a daughter.)}}
# {{label|rad|intr|stative}} to {{eng|be}} (in a place, at a time)
#: {{ex|rad|U haldzỉr teral-'''âleș'''.|The architect '''was''' here.}}
# {{label|rad|aux}} to {{eng|be}} (used to form the continuous aspect with the present adverbial participle)
# {{label|rad|aux}} to {{eng|have}} (used to form the perfective aspect with the past adverbial participle)


==== Usage notes ====
==== Usage notes ====
* When introducing a predicate ending in a consonant, the enclitic form {{wl-lang|-at|jump=Radestrian}} can be used.
* When introducing a predicate ending in a consonant, the enclitic form {{m|rad|-at}} can be used.
* The verb '''vat''' does not have a connegative form.
* The verb {{here}} does not have a connegative form.
** For negations of '''vat''' in all senses, the verb {{m|rad|hjeat}} is used.
** For negations of {{here}} in all senses, the verb {{m|rad|hjeat}} is used.
* Indicative non-past depersonal forms are only used emphatically; otherwise they are elided.
* Indicative non-past depersonal forms are only used emphatically. Otherwise, they are elided.
 
* The verbal noun {{m|rad|hovaș}} tends to refer to identities, whereas {{m|rad|rnataș}} refers to states.
==== Antonyms ====
* Past forms in ''hâl-'' are the most common.
* {{wl|hjeat|jump=Radestrian}}
** Past forms in ''rnoș-'' are used mainly to imply a contrast between the past and the present.


==== Conjugation ====
==== Conjugation ====
{{rad-conj-act|vat|vag|3S=vaș|hâl|rnasti|rnat|hovaș|r=var|conneg=—}}
{{rad-conj-act|vat|vag|3S=vaș|hâl|rnasti|rnat|hovaș|r=var|conneg=—}}
Alternative conjugation:
Alternative conjugation with past forms in ''rnoș-'':
{{rad-conj-act|vat|vag|3S=vaș|rnoș|rnasti|rnat|rnataș|r=var|imp=vaga|conneg=—}}
{{rad-conj-act|vat|vag|3S=vaș|rnoș|rnasti|rnat|rnataș|r=var|imp=vaga|conneg=—}}
* The verbal noun {{wl-lang|hovaș|jump=Radestrian}} tends to refer to identities, whereas {{wl-lang|rnataș|jump=Radestrian}} refers to states.
 
* Past forms in ''hâl-'' are the most common; past forms in ''rnoș-'' are used mainly to imply a contrast between the past and the present.
==== Translations ====
{{translations|equivalence copula
|lfv={{l|lfv|alad}}
}}