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== Radestrian == | ==Radestrian== | ||
=== Etymology === | === Etymology === | ||
From {{wl-lang|héhtt|Middle Radestrian}}, from {{wl-lang|hǫhtt|Old Radestrian}}, inherited from {{Proto|Radic|hǫhht}} (*huh-), from {{Proto|Hirdic|ḵɤ̄h-}}, from {{Proto|Laenkean|kajʔ-}}. Past forms, participles and verbal noun from {{Proto|Radic|huh-|hǫhht}}, a suppletive stem from {{Proto|Laenkean|tuʔ-}}. | From {{wl-lang|héhtt|Middle Radestrian}}, from {{wl-lang|hǫhtt|Old Radestrian}}, inherited from {{Proto|Radic|hǫhht}} (*huh-), from {{Proto|Hirdic|ḵɤ̄h-}}, from {{Proto|Laenkean|kajʔ-}}. Past forms, participles and verbal noun from {{Proto|Radic|huh-|hǫhht}}, a suppletive stem from {{Proto|Laenkean|tuʔ-}}. | ||
=== Pronunciation === | ===Pronunciation=== | ||
{{rad-pr|ʃ|æːt|second=/çæːt/}} | {{rad-pr|ʃ|æːt|second=/çæːt/}} | ||
{{ | ===Verb=== | ||
{{head|rad|verb}} {{rad-conj|hjei|2S=hjeà|3S=hjeaș|húei|hûșevú|hovúl|huonș}} | |||
# {{lb-vcop|Radestrian}} to {{eng|not}} {{eng|be}} | # {{lb-vcop|Radestrian}} to {{eng|not}} {{eng|be}} | ||
{{ | #: {{ex|rad|'''Hjeà''' re heņgreks.|You '''are no''' king.}} | ||
# {{lb-vcop|Radestrian}} ''used with adjectival predicates to negate characteristics of the subject'' | # {{lb-vcop|Radestrian}} ''used with adjectival predicates to negate characteristics of the subject'' | ||
{{ | #: {{ex|rad|Ú þyriș '''hjei'''.|I '''am not''' German.}} | ||
# {{lb-vcop}} ''used with adverbial predicates to negate states of the subject'' | # {{lb-vcop}} ''used with adverbial predicates to negate states of the subject'' | ||
{{ | #: {{ex|rad|Ú ỉ '''hjei'''.|I'''’m not''' hot. / I '''don’t feel''' hot.}} | ||
# {{lb-vimpers|Radestrian}} to {{eng|not}} {{eng|exist}}, {{eng|there_be|there not to be}}; ''also used in constructions which translate as ‘to {{eng|not}} {{eng|have|pos=Verb}}’'' [+genitive] | # {{lb-vimpers|Radestrian}} to {{eng|not}} {{eng|exist}}, {{eng|there_be|there not to be}}; ''also used in constructions which translate as ‘to {{eng|not}} {{eng|have|pos=Verb}}’'' [+genitive] | ||
{{ | #: {{ex|rad|'''Hjeaș''' þrandris la virș dziun.|'''There are no''' animals in my house.}} | ||
{{ | #: {{ex|rad|Ven dzínig '''hjeaș'''.|I don't have a daughter. (''lit.'' To me '''there isn’t''' a daughter.)}} | ||
# {{lb-vintr|Radestrian}} to {{eng|not}} {{eng|be}} (in a place, at a time) | # {{lb-vintr|Radestrian}} to {{eng|not}} {{eng|be}} (in a place, at a time) | ||
{{ | #: {{ex|rad|Haldzỉr teral'''-úeș'''.|The architect '''wasn’t''' here.}} | ||
# {{lb-vaux}} (''with connegative'') to {{eng|not}} (negates a proposition; accusative direct objects change to the genitive) | # {{lb-vaux}} (''with connegative'') to {{eng|not}} (negates a proposition; accusative direct objects change to the genitive) | ||
{{ | #: {{ex|rad|'''Húei''' dzoru orasta.|I '''didn't''' sing a song.}} | ||
# {{lb-vaux|Radestrian}} to {{eng|not}} {{eng|be}} (used to form the negated continuous aspect with the present adverbial participle) | # {{lb-vaux|Radestrian}} to {{eng|not}} {{eng|be}} (used to form the negated continuous aspect with the present adverbial participle) | ||
# {{lb-vaux}} to {{eng|not}} {{eng|have}} (used to form the negated perfective aspect with the past adverbial participle) | # {{lb-vaux}} to {{eng|not}} {{eng|have}} (used to form the negated perfective aspect with the past adverbial participle) | ||
# {{eng|no}}, ''response to closed questions'' | # {{eng|no}}, ''response to closed questions'' | ||
{{ | #: {{ant|gje}} | ||
#: {{ex|rad|— Gjøn hredeșeí dymyet?<br>— '''Hjei'''.|— Do you speak Radestrian?<br>— '''No(, I don't)'''.}} | |||
==== Usage notes ==== | ==== Usage notes ==== | ||