Appendix:Proto-Laenkean/dʱaʔ-
Proto-Laenkean
Root
*dʱaʔ- (zero grade *dʱaʔ-)
- to drink
Conjugation
| Reconstructed conjugation of *dʱaʔ- (active voice) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | ||||
| +2 | –2 | +2 | –2 | |||||||||
| imperative | *dʱaʔʔar | *dʱaʔʔæ(p?)sje | *dʱaʔʔær | *dʱaʔʔɯw(p?)sje | *dʱaʔʔɯwr | |||||||
| simple aspect | ||||||||||||
| indicative | non-past (*-ʔ-) |
*dʱaʔʔakʰus | *dʱaʔʔan | *dʱaʔʔaci | *dʱaʔʔæps | *dʱaʔʔætʼos | *dʱaʔʔæm | *dʱaʔʔætja | *dʱaʔʔɯwps | *dʱaʔʔɯwtʼos | *dʱaʔʔɯwm | *dʱaʔʔɯwtja |
| past (*-j-) |
*dʱaʔjekʰus | *dʱaʔjen | *dʱaʔjeci | *dʱaʔjajps | *dʱaʔjajtʼos | *dʱaʔjajm | *dʱaʔjajtja | *dʱaʔjawps | *dʱaʔjawtʼos | *dʱaʔjawm | *dʱaʔjawtja | |
| cond-subj. (*-m̥h-) |
non-past (*-ʔ-) |
*dʱaʔʔm̥hakʰus | *dʱaʔʔm̥han | *dʱaʔʔm̥haci | *dʱaʔʔm̥hæps | *dʱaʔʔm̥hætʼos | *dʱaʔʔm̥hæm | *dʱaʔʔm̥hætja | *dʱaʔʔm̥hɯwps | *dʱaʔʔm̥hɯwtʼos | *dʱaʔʔm̥hɯwm | *dʱaʔʔm̥hɯwtja |
| past (*-j-) |
*dʱaʔjm̥hekʰus | *dʱaʔjm̥hen | *dʱaʔjm̥heci | *dʱaʔjm̥hajps | *dʱaʔjm̥hajtʼos | *dʱaʔjm̥hajm | *dʱaʔjm̥hajtja | *dʱaʔjm̥hawps | *dʱaʔjm̥hawtʼos | *dʱaʔjm̥hawm | *dʱaʔjm̥hawtja | |
| optative I (*-ɯ/ib-) |
non-past (*-ʔ-) |
*dʱaʔʔɯbakʰus | *dʱaʔʔɯban | *dʱaʔʔɯbaci | *dʱaʔʔɯbæps | *dʱaʔʔɯbætʼos | *dʱaʔʔɯbæm | *dʱaʔʔɯbætja | *dʱaʔʔɯbɯwps | *dʱaʔʔɯbɯwtʼos | *dʱaʔʔɯbɯwm | *dʱaʔʔɯbɯwtja |
| past (*-j-) |
*dʱaʔjibekʰus | *dʱaʔjiben | *dʱaʔjibeci | *dʱaʔjibajps | *dʱaʔjibajtʼos | *dʱaʔjibajm | *dʱaʔjibajtja | *dʱaʔjibawps | *dʱaʔjibawtʼos | *dʱaʔjibawm | *dʱaʔjibawtja | |
| optative II (*-aw/jgʱm-) |
non-past (*-ʔ-) |
*dʱaʔʔawgʱmakʰus | *dʱaʔʔawgʱman | *dʱaʔʔawgʱmaci | *dʱaʔʔawgʱmæps | *dʱaʔʔawgʱmætʼos | *dʱaʔʔawgʱmæm | *dʱaʔʔawgʱmætja | *dʱaʔʔawgʱmɯwps | *dʱaʔʔawgʱmɯwtʼos | *dʱaʔʔawgʱmɯwm | *dʱaʔʔawgʱmɯwtja |
| past (*-j-) |
*dʱaʔjajgʱmekʰus | *dʱaʔjajgʱmen | *dʱaʔjajgʱmeci | *dʱaʔjajgʱmajps | *dʱaʔjajgʱmajtʼos | *dʱaʔjajgʱmajm | *dʱaʔjajgʱmajtja | *dʱaʔjajgʱmawps | *dʱaʔjajgʱmawtʼos | *dʱaʔjajgʱmawm | *dʱaʔjajgʱmawtja | |
| perfective aspect (*-de-) | ||||||||||||
| indicative | non-past (*-ʔ-) |
*dʱaʔʔadekʰus | *dʱaʔʔaden | *dʱaʔʔadeci | *dʱaʔʔædeps | *dʱaʔʔædetʼos | *dʱaʔʔædem | *dʱaʔʔædetja | *dʱaʔʔɯwdeps | *dʱaʔʔɯwdetʼos | *dʱaʔʔɯwdem | *dʱaʔʔɯwdetja |
| past (*-j-) |
*dʱaʔjedekʰus | *dʱaʔjeden | *dʱaʔjedeci | *dʱaʔjajdeps | *dʱaʔjajdetʼos | *dʱaʔjajdem | *dʱaʔjajdetja | *dʱaʔjawdeps | *dʱaʔjawdetʼos | *dʱaʔjawdem | *dʱaʔjawdetja | |
| cond-subj. (*-m̥h-) |
non-past (*-ʔ-) |
*dʱaʔʔm̥hadekʰus | *dʱaʔʔm̥haden | *dʱaʔʔm̥hadeci | *dʱaʔʔm̥hædeps | *dʱaʔʔm̥hædetʼos | *dʱaʔʔm̥hædem | *dʱaʔʔm̥hædetja | *dʱaʔʔm̥hɯwdeps | *dʱaʔʔm̥hɯwdetʼos | *dʱaʔʔm̥hɯwdem | *dʱaʔʔm̥hɯwdetja |
| past (*-j-) |
*dʱaʔjm̥hedekʰus | *dʱaʔjm̥heden | *dʱaʔjm̥hedeci | *dʱaʔjm̥hajdeps | *dʱaʔjm̥hajdetʼos | *dʱaʔjm̥hajdem | *dʱaʔjm̥hajdetja | *dʱaʔjm̥hawdeps | *dʱaʔjm̥hawdetʼos | *dʱaʔjm̥hawdem | *dʱaʔjm̥hawdetja | |
| optative I (*-ɯ/ib-) |
non-past (*-ʔ-) |
*dʱaʔʔɯbadekʰus | *dʱaʔʔɯbaden | *dʱaʔʔɯbadeci | *dʱaʔʔɯbædeps | *dʱaʔʔɯbædetʼos | *dʱaʔʔɯbædem | *dʱaʔʔɯbædetja | *dʱaʔʔɯbɯwdeps | *dʱaʔʔɯbɯwdetʼos | *dʱaʔʔɯbɯwdem | *dʱaʔʔɯbɯwdetja |
| past (*-j-) |
*dʱaʔjibedekʰus | *dʱaʔjibeden | *dʱaʔjibedeci | *dʱaʔjibajdeps | *dʱaʔjibajdetʼos | *dʱaʔjibajdem | *dʱaʔjibajdetja | *dʱaʔjibawdeps | *dʱaʔjibawdetʼos | *dʱaʔjibawdem | *dʱaʔjibawdetja | |
| optative II (*-aw/jgʱm-) |
non-past (*-ʔ-) |
*dʱaʔʔawgʱmadekʰus | *dʱaʔʔawgʱmaden | *dʱaʔʔawgʱmadeci | *dʱaʔʔawgʱmædeps | *dʱaʔʔawgʱmædetʼos | *dʱaʔʔawgʱmædem | *dʱaʔʔawgʱmædetja | *dʱaʔʔawgʱmɯwdeps | *dʱaʔʔawgʱmɯwdetʼos | *dʱaʔʔawgʱmɯwdem | *dʱaʔʔawgʱmɯwdetja |
| past (*-j-) |
*dʱaʔjajgʱmedekʰus | *dʱaʔjajgʱmeden | *dʱaʔjajgʱmedeci | *dʱaʔjajgʱmajdeps | *dʱaʔjajgʱmajdetʼos | *dʱaʔjajgʱmajdem | *dʱaʔjajgʱmajdetja | *dʱaʔjajgʱmawdeps | *dʱaʔjajgʱmawdetʼos | *dʱaʔjajgʱmawdem | *dʱaʔjajgʱmawdetja | |
| imperfective aspect (*-bow-) | ||||||||||||
| indicative | non-past (*-ʔ-) |
*dʱaʔʔabowkʰus | *dʱaʔʔabown | *dʱaʔʔabowci | *dʱaʔʔæbowps | *dʱaʔʔæbowtʼos | *dʱaʔʔæbowm | *dʱaʔʔæbowtja | *dʱaʔʔɯwbowps | *dʱaʔʔɯwbowtʼos | *dʱaʔʔɯwbowm | *dʱaʔʔɯwbowtja |
| past (*-j-) |
*dʱaʔjebowkʰus | *dʱaʔjebown | *dʱaʔjebowci | *dʱaʔjajbowps | *dʱaʔjajbowtʼos | *dʱaʔjajbowm | *dʱaʔjajbowtja | *dʱaʔjawbowps | *dʱaʔjawbowtʼos | *dʱaʔjawbowm | *dʱaʔjawbowtja | |
| cond-subj. (*-m̥h-) |
non-past (*-ʔ-) |
*dʱaʔʔm̥habowkʰus | *dʱaʔʔm̥habown | *dʱaʔʔm̥habowci | *dʱaʔʔm̥hæbowps | *dʱaʔʔm̥hæbowtʼos | *dʱaʔʔm̥hæbowm | *dʱaʔʔm̥hæbowtja | *dʱaʔʔm̥hɯwbowps | *dʱaʔʔm̥hɯwbowtʼos | *dʱaʔʔm̥hɯwbowm | *dʱaʔʔm̥hɯwbowtja |
| past (*-j-) |
*dʱaʔjm̥hebowkʰus | *dʱaʔjm̥hebown | *dʱaʔjm̥hebowci | *dʱaʔjm̥hajbowps | *dʱaʔjm̥hajbowtʼos | *dʱaʔjm̥hajbowm | *dʱaʔjm̥hajbowtja | *dʱaʔjm̥hawbowps | *dʱaʔjm̥hawbowtʼos | *dʱaʔjm̥hawbowm | *dʱaʔjm̥hawbowtja | |
| optative I (*-ɯ/ib-) |
non-past (*-ʔ-) |
*dʱaʔʔɯbabowkʰus | *dʱaʔʔɯbabown | *dʱaʔʔɯbabowci | *dʱaʔʔɯbæbowps | *dʱaʔʔɯbæbowtʼos | *dʱaʔʔɯbæbowm | *dʱaʔʔɯbæbowtja | *dʱaʔʔɯbɯwbowps | *dʱaʔʔɯbɯwbowtʼos | *dʱaʔʔɯbɯwbowm | *dʱaʔʔɯbɯwbowtja |
| past (*-j-) |
*dʱaʔjibebowkʰus | *dʱaʔjibebown | *dʱaʔjibebowci | *dʱaʔjibajbowps | *dʱaʔjibajbowtʼos | *dʱaʔjibajbowm | *dʱaʔjibajbowtja | *dʱaʔjibawbowps | *dʱaʔjibawbowtʼos | *dʱaʔjibawbowm | *dʱaʔjibawbowtja | |
| optative II (*-aw/jgʱm-) |
non-past (*-ʔ-) |
*dʱaʔʔawgʱmabowkʰus | *dʱaʔʔawgʱmabown | *dʱaʔʔawgʱmabowci | *dʱaʔʔawgʱmæbowps | *dʱaʔʔawgʱmæbowtʼos | *dʱaʔʔawgʱmæbowm | *dʱaʔʔawgʱmæbowtja | *dʱaʔʔawgʱmɯwbowps | *dʱaʔʔawgʱmɯwbowtʼos | *dʱaʔʔawgʱmɯwbowm | *dʱaʔʔawgʱmɯwbowtja |
| past (*-j-) |
*dʱaʔjajgʱmebowkʰus | *dʱaʔjajgʱmebown | *dʱaʔjajgʱmebowci | *dʱaʔjajgʱmajbowps | *dʱaʔjajgʱmajbowtʼos | *dʱaʔjajgʱmajbowm | *dʱaʔjajgʱmajbowtja | *dʱaʔjajgʱmawbowps | *dʱaʔjajgʱmawbowtʼos | *dʱaʔjajgʱmawbowm | *dʱaʔjajgʱmawbowtja | |
| Reconstructed conjugation of *dʱaʔ- (mediopassive voice) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | ||||
| +2 | –2 | +2 | –2 | |||||||||
| imperative | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱar | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱæ(p?)sje | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱær | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱɯw(p?)sje | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱɯwr | |||||||
| simple aspect | ||||||||||||
| indicative | non-past (*-ʔ-) |
*dʱaʔʔr̥bʱakʰus | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱan | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱaci | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱæps | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱætʼos | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱæm | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱætja | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱɯwps | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱɯwtʼos | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱɯwm | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱɯwtja |
| past (*-j-) |
*dʱaʔjr̥bʱekʰus | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱen | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱeci | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱajps | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱajtʼos | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱajm | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱajtja | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱawps | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱawtʼos | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱawm | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱawtja | |
| cond-subj. (*-m̥h-) |
non-past (*-ʔ-) |
*dʱaʔʔr̥bʱm̥hakʰus | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱm̥han | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱm̥haci | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱm̥hæps | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱm̥hætʼos | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱm̥hæm | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱm̥hætja | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱm̥hɯwps | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱm̥hɯwtʼos | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱm̥hɯwm | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱm̥hɯwtja |
| past (*-j-) |
*dʱaʔjr̥bʱm̥hekʰus | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱm̥hen | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱm̥heci | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱm̥hajps | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱm̥hajtʼos | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱm̥hajm | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱm̥hajtja | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱm̥hawps | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱm̥hawtʼos | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱm̥hawm | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱm̥hawtja | |
| optative I (*-ɯ/ib-) |
non-past (*-ʔ-) |
*dʱaʔʔr̥bʱɯbakʰus | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱɯban | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱɯbaci | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱɯbæps | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱɯbætʼos | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱɯbæm | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱɯbætja | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱɯbɯwps | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱɯbɯwtʼos | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱɯbɯwm | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱɯbɯwtja |
| past (*-j-) |
*dʱaʔjr̥bʱibekʰus | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱiben | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱibeci | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱibajps | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱibajtʼos | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱibajm | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱibajtja | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱibawps | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱibawtʼos | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱibawm | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱibawtja | |
| optative II (*-aw/jgʱm-) |
non-past (*-ʔ-) |
*dʱaʔʔr̥bʱawgʱmakʰus | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱawgʱman | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱawgʱmaci | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱawgʱmæps | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱawgʱmætʼos | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱawgʱmæm | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱawgʱmætja | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱawgʱmɯwps | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱawgʱmɯwtʼos | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱawgʱmɯwm | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱawgʱmɯwtja |
| past (*-j-) |
*dʱaʔjr̥bʱajgʱmekʰus | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱajgʱmen | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱajgʱmeci | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱajgʱmajps | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱajgʱmajtʼos | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱajgʱmajm | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱajgʱmajtja | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱajgʱmawps | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱajgʱmawtʼos | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱajgʱmawm | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱajgʱmawtja | |
| perfective aspect (*-de-) | ||||||||||||
| indicative | non-past (*-ʔ-) |
*dʱaʔʔr̥bʱadekʰus | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱaden | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱadeci | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱædeps | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱædetʼos | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱædem | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱædetja | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱɯwdeps | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱɯwdetʼos | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱɯwdem | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱɯwdetja |
| past (*-j-) |
*dʱaʔjr̥bʱedekʰus | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱeden | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱedeci | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱajdeps | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱajdetʼos | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱajdem | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱajdetja | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱawdeps | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱawdetʼos | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱawdem | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱawdetja | |
| cond-subj. (*-m̥h-) |
non-past (*-ʔ-) |
*dʱaʔʔr̥bʱm̥hadekʰus | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱm̥haden | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱm̥hadeci | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱm̥hædeps | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱm̥hædetʼos | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱm̥hædem | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱm̥hædetja | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱm̥hɯwdeps | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱm̥hɯwdetʼos | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱm̥hɯwdem | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱm̥hɯwdetja |
| past (*-j-) |
*dʱaʔjr̥bʱm̥hedekʰus | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱm̥heden | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱm̥hedeci | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱm̥hajdeps | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱm̥hajdetʼos | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱm̥hajdem | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱm̥hajdetja | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱm̥hawdeps | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱm̥hawdetʼos | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱm̥hawdem | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱm̥hawdetja | |
| optative I (*-ɯ/ib-) |
non-past (*-ʔ-) |
*dʱaʔʔr̥bʱɯbadekʰus | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱɯbaden | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱɯbadeci | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱɯbædeps | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱɯbædetʼos | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱɯbædem | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱɯbædetja | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱɯbɯwdeps | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱɯbɯwdetʼos | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱɯbɯwdem | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱɯbɯwdetja |
| past (*-j-) |
*dʱaʔjr̥bʱibedekʰus | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱibeden | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱibedeci | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱibajdeps | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱibajdetʼos | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱibajdem | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱibajdetja | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱibawdeps | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱibawdetʼos | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱibawdem | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱibawdetja | |
| optative II (*-aw/jgʱm-) |
non-past (*-ʔ-) |
*dʱaʔʔr̥bʱawgʱmadekʰus | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱawgʱmaden | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱawgʱmadeci | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱawgʱmædeps | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱawgʱmædetʼos | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱawgʱmædem | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱawgʱmædetja | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱawgʱmɯwdeps | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱawgʱmɯwdetʼos | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱawgʱmɯwdem | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱawgʱmɯwdetja |
| past (*-j-) |
*dʱaʔjr̥bʱajgʱmedekʰus | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱajgʱmeden | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱajgʱmedeci | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱajgʱmajdeps | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱajgʱmajdetʼos | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱajgʱmajdem | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱajgʱmajdetja | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱajgʱmawdeps | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱajgʱmawdetʼos | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱajgʱmawdem | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱajgʱmawdetja | |
| imperfective aspect (*-bow-) | ||||||||||||
| indicative | non-past (*-ʔ-) |
*dʱaʔʔr̥bʱabowkʰus | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱabown | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱabowci | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱæbowps | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱæbowtʼos | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱæbowm | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱæbowtja | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱɯwbowps | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱɯwbowtʼos | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱɯwbowm | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱɯwbowtja |
| past (*-j-) |
*dʱaʔjr̥bʱebowkʰus | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱebown | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱebowci | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱajbowps | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱajbowtʼos | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱajbowm | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱajbowtja | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱawbowps | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱawbowtʼos | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱawbowm | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱawbowtja | |
| cond-subj. (*-m̥h-) |
non-past (*-ʔ-) |
*dʱaʔʔr̥bʱm̥habowkʰus | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱm̥habown | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱm̥habowci | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱm̥hæbowps | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱm̥hæbowtʼos | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱm̥hæbowm | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱm̥hæbowtja | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱm̥hɯwbowps | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱm̥hɯwbowtʼos | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱm̥hɯwbowm | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱm̥hɯwbowtja |
| past (*-j-) |
*dʱaʔjr̥bʱm̥hebowkʰus | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱm̥hebown | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱm̥hebowci | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱm̥hajbowps | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱm̥hajbowtʼos | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱm̥hajbowm | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱm̥hajbowtja | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱm̥hawbowps | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱm̥hawbowtʼos | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱm̥hawbowm | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱm̥hawbowtja | |
| optative I (*-ɯ/ib-) |
non-past (*-ʔ-) |
*dʱaʔʔr̥bʱɯbabowkʰus | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱɯbabown | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱɯbabowci | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱɯbæbowps | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱɯbæbowtʼos | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱɯbæbowm | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱɯbæbowtja | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱɯbɯwbowps | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱɯbɯwbowtʼos | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱɯbɯwbowm | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱɯbɯwbowtja |
| past (*-j-) |
*dʱaʔjr̥bʱibebowkʰus | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱibebown | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱibebowci | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱibajbowps | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱibajbowtʼos | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱibajbowm | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱibajbowtja | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱibawbowps | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱibawbowtʼos | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱibawbowm | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱibawbowtja | |
| optative II (*-aw/jgʱm-) |
non-past (*-ʔ-) |
*dʱaʔʔr̥bʱawgʱmabowkʰus | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱawgʱmabown | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱawgʱmabowci | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱawgʱmæbowps | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱawgʱmæbowtʼos | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱawgʱmæbowm | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱawgʱmæbowtja | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱawgʱmɯwbowps | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱawgʱmɯwbowtʼos | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱawgʱmɯwbowm | *dʱaʔʔr̥bʱawgʱmɯwbowtja |
| past (*-j-) |
*dʱaʔjr̥bʱajgʱmebowkʰus | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱajgʱmebown | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱajgʱmebowci | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱajgʱmajbowps | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱajgʱmajbowtʼos | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱajgʱmajbowm | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱajgʱmajbowtja | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱajgʱmawbowps | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱajgʱmawbowtʼos | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱajgʱmawbowm | *dʱaʔjr̥bʱajgʱmawbowtja | |
Derived terms
| ▶ Terms derived from the Proto-Laenkean root *dʱaʔ- |