Appendix:Proto-Laenkean/rwek-

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Proto-Laenkean

Root

*rwek- (zero grade *r̥wk-)

  1. to hold, to find

Conjugation

Reconstructed conjugation of *rwek- (active voice)
singular dual plural
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
+2 –2 +2 –2
imperative *rwekʔar *rwekʔæ(p?)sje *rwekʔær *rwekʔɯw(p?)sje *rwekʔɯwr
simple aspect
indicative non-past
(*-ʔ-)
*rwekʔakʰus *rwekʔan *rwekʔaci *rwekʔæps *rwekʔætʼos *rwekʔæm *rwekʔætja *rwekʔɯwps *rwekʔɯwtʼos *rwekʔɯwm *rwekʔɯwtja
past
(*-j-)
*rwekjekʰus *rwekjen *rwekjeci *rwekjajps *rwekjajtʼos *rwekjajm *rwekjajtja *rwekjawps *rwekjawtʼos *rwekjawm *rwekjawtja
cond-subj.
(*-m̥h-)
non-past
(*-ʔ-)
*rwekʔm̥hakʰus *rwekʔm̥han *rwekʔm̥haci *rwekʔm̥hæps *rwekʔm̥hætʼos *rwekʔm̥hæm *rwekʔm̥hætja *rwekʔm̥hɯwps *rwekʔm̥hɯwtʼos *rwekʔm̥hɯwm *rwekʔm̥hɯwtja
past
(*-j-)
*rwekjm̥hekʰus *rwekjm̥hen *rwekjm̥heci *rwekjm̥hajps *rwekjm̥hajtʼos *rwekjm̥hajm *rwekjm̥hajtja *rwekjm̥hawps *rwekjm̥hawtʼos *rwekjm̥hawm *rwekjm̥hawtja
optative I
(*-ɯ/ib-)
non-past
(*-ʔ-)
*rwekʔɯbakʰus *rwekʔɯban *rwekʔɯbaci *rwekʔɯbæps *rwekʔɯbætʼos *rwekʔɯbæm *rwekʔɯbætja *rwekʔɯbɯwps *rwekʔɯbɯwtʼos *rwekʔɯbɯwm *rwekʔɯbɯwtja
past
(*-j-)
*rwekjibekʰus *rwekjiben *rwekjibeci *rwekjibajps *rwekjibajtʼos *rwekjibajm *rwekjibajtja *rwekjibawps *rwekjibawtʼos *rwekjibawm *rwekjibawtja
optative II
(*-aw/jgʱm-)
non-past
(*-ʔ-)
*rwekʔawgʱmakʰus *rwekʔawgʱman *rwekʔawgʱmaci *rwekʔawgʱmæps *rwekʔawgʱmætʼos *rwekʔawgʱmæm *rwekʔawgʱmætja *rwekʔawgʱmɯwps *rwekʔawgʱmɯwtʼos *rwekʔawgʱmɯwm *rwekʔawgʱmɯwtja
past
(*-j-)
*rwekjajgʱmekʰus *rwekjajgʱmen *rwekjajgʱmeci *rwekjajgʱmajps *rwekjajgʱmajtʼos *rwekjajgʱmajm *rwekjajgʱmajtja *rwekjajgʱmawps *rwekjajgʱmawtʼos *rwekjajgʱmawm *rwekjajgʱmawtja
perfective aspect
(*-de-)
indicative non-past
(*-ʔ-)
*rwekʔadekʰus *rwekʔaden *rwekʔadeci *rwekʔædeps *rwekʔædetʼos *rwekʔædem *rwekʔædetja *rwekʔɯwdeps *rwekʔɯwdetʼos *rwekʔɯwdem *rwekʔɯwdetja
past
(*-j-)
*rwekjedekʰus *rwekjeden *rwekjedeci *rwekjajdeps *rwekjajdetʼos *rwekjajdem *rwekjajdetja *rwekjawdeps *rwekjawdetʼos *rwekjawdem *rwekjawdetja
cond-subj.
(*-m̥h-)
non-past
(*-ʔ-)
*rwekʔm̥hadekʰus *rwekʔm̥haden *rwekʔm̥hadeci *rwekʔm̥hædeps *rwekʔm̥hædetʼos *rwekʔm̥hædem *rwekʔm̥hædetja *rwekʔm̥hɯwdeps *rwekʔm̥hɯwdetʼos *rwekʔm̥hɯwdem *rwekʔm̥hɯwdetja
past
(*-j-)
*rwekjm̥hedekʰus *rwekjm̥heden *rwekjm̥hedeci *rwekjm̥hajdeps *rwekjm̥hajdetʼos *rwekjm̥hajdem *rwekjm̥hajdetja *rwekjm̥hawdeps *rwekjm̥hawdetʼos *rwekjm̥hawdem *rwekjm̥hawdetja
optative I
(*-ɯ/ib-)
non-past
(*-ʔ-)
*rwekʔɯbadekʰus *rwekʔɯbaden *rwekʔɯbadeci *rwekʔɯbædeps *rwekʔɯbædetʼos *rwekʔɯbædem *rwekʔɯbædetja *rwekʔɯbɯwdeps *rwekʔɯbɯwdetʼos *rwekʔɯbɯwdem *rwekʔɯbɯwdetja
past
(*-j-)
*rwekjibedekʰus *rwekjibeden *rwekjibedeci *rwekjibajdeps *rwekjibajdetʼos *rwekjibajdem *rwekjibajdetja *rwekjibawdeps *rwekjibawdetʼos *rwekjibawdem *rwekjibawdetja
optative II
(*-aw/jgʱm-)
non-past
(*-ʔ-)
*rwekʔawgʱmadekʰus *rwekʔawgʱmaden *rwekʔawgʱmadeci *rwekʔawgʱmædeps *rwekʔawgʱmædetʼos *rwekʔawgʱmædem *rwekʔawgʱmædetja *rwekʔawgʱmɯwdeps *rwekʔawgʱmɯwdetʼos *rwekʔawgʱmɯwdem *rwekʔawgʱmɯwdetja
past
(*-j-)
*rwekjajgʱmedekʰus *rwekjajgʱmeden *rwekjajgʱmedeci *rwekjajgʱmajdeps *rwekjajgʱmajdetʼos *rwekjajgʱmajdem *rwekjajgʱmajdetja *rwekjajgʱmawdeps *rwekjajgʱmawdetʼos *rwekjajgʱmawdem *rwekjajgʱmawdetja
imperfective aspect
(*-bow-)
indicative non-past
(*-ʔ-)
*rwekʔabowkʰus *rwekʔabown *rwekʔabowci *rwekʔæbowps *rwekʔæbowtʼos *rwekʔæbowm *rwekʔæbowtja *rwekʔɯwbowps *rwekʔɯwbowtʼos *rwekʔɯwbowm *rwekʔɯwbowtja
past
(*-j-)
*rwekjebowkʰus *rwekjebown *rwekjebowci *rwekjajbowps *rwekjajbowtʼos *rwekjajbowm *rwekjajbowtja *rwekjawbowps *rwekjawbowtʼos *rwekjawbowm *rwekjawbowtja
cond-subj.
(*-m̥h-)
non-past
(*-ʔ-)
*rwekʔm̥habowkʰus *rwekʔm̥habown *rwekʔm̥habowci *rwekʔm̥hæbowps *rwekʔm̥hæbowtʼos *rwekʔm̥hæbowm *rwekʔm̥hæbowtja *rwekʔm̥hɯwbowps *rwekʔm̥hɯwbowtʼos *rwekʔm̥hɯwbowm *rwekʔm̥hɯwbowtja
past
(*-j-)
*rwekjm̥hebowkʰus *rwekjm̥hebown *rwekjm̥hebowci *rwekjm̥hajbowps *rwekjm̥hajbowtʼos *rwekjm̥hajbowm *rwekjm̥hajbowtja *rwekjm̥hawbowps *rwekjm̥hawbowtʼos *rwekjm̥hawbowm *rwekjm̥hawbowtja
optative I
(*-ɯ/ib-)
non-past
(*-ʔ-)
*rwekʔɯbabowkʰus *rwekʔɯbabown *rwekʔɯbabowci *rwekʔɯbæbowps *rwekʔɯbæbowtʼos *rwekʔɯbæbowm *rwekʔɯbæbowtja *rwekʔɯbɯwbowps *rwekʔɯbɯwbowtʼos *rwekʔɯbɯwbowm *rwekʔɯbɯwbowtja
past
(*-j-)
*rwekjibebowkʰus *rwekjibebown *rwekjibebowci *rwekjibajbowps *rwekjibajbowtʼos *rwekjibajbowm *rwekjibajbowtja *rwekjibawbowps *rwekjibawbowtʼos *rwekjibawbowm *rwekjibawbowtja
optative II
(*-aw/jgʱm-)
non-past
(*-ʔ-)
*rwekʔawgʱmabowkʰus *rwekʔawgʱmabown *rwekʔawgʱmabowci *rwekʔawgʱmæbowps *rwekʔawgʱmæbowtʼos *rwekʔawgʱmæbowm *rwekʔawgʱmæbowtja *rwekʔawgʱmɯwbowps *rwekʔawgʱmɯwbowtʼos *rwekʔawgʱmɯwbowm *rwekʔawgʱmɯwbowtja
past
(*-j-)
*rwekjajgʱmebowkʰus *rwekjajgʱmebown *rwekjajgʱmebowci *rwekjajgʱmajbowps *rwekjajgʱmajbowtʼos *rwekjajgʱmajbowm *rwekjajgʱmajbowtja *rwekjajgʱmawbowps *rwekjajgʱmawbowtʼos *rwekjajgʱmawbowm *rwekjajgʱmawbowtja

Reconstructed conjugation of *rwek- (mediopassive voice)
singular dual plural
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
+2 –2 +2 –2
imperative *rwekʔr̥bʱar *rwekʔr̥bʱæ(p?)sje *rwekʔr̥bʱær *rwekʔr̥bʱɯw(p?)sje *rwekʔr̥bʱɯwr
simple aspect
indicative non-past
(*-ʔ-)
*rwekʔr̥bʱakʰus *rwekʔr̥bʱan *rwekʔr̥bʱaci *rwekʔr̥bʱæps *rwekʔr̥bʱætʼos *rwekʔr̥bʱæm *rwekʔr̥bʱætja *rwekʔr̥bʱɯwps *rwekʔr̥bʱɯwtʼos *rwekʔr̥bʱɯwm *rwekʔr̥bʱɯwtja
past
(*-j-)
*rwekjr̥bʱekʰus *rwekjr̥bʱen *rwekjr̥bʱeci *rwekjr̥bʱajps *rwekjr̥bʱajtʼos *rwekjr̥bʱajm *rwekjr̥bʱajtja *rwekjr̥bʱawps *rwekjr̥bʱawtʼos *rwekjr̥bʱawm *rwekjr̥bʱawtja
cond-subj.
(*-m̥h-)
non-past
(*-ʔ-)
*rwekʔr̥bʱm̥hakʰus *rwekʔr̥bʱm̥han *rwekʔr̥bʱm̥haci *rwekʔr̥bʱm̥hæps *rwekʔr̥bʱm̥hætʼos *rwekʔr̥bʱm̥hæm *rwekʔr̥bʱm̥hætja *rwekʔr̥bʱm̥hɯwps *rwekʔr̥bʱm̥hɯwtʼos *rwekʔr̥bʱm̥hɯwm *rwekʔr̥bʱm̥hɯwtja
past
(*-j-)
*rwekjr̥bʱm̥hekʰus *rwekjr̥bʱm̥hen *rwekjr̥bʱm̥heci *rwekjr̥bʱm̥hajps *rwekjr̥bʱm̥hajtʼos *rwekjr̥bʱm̥hajm *rwekjr̥bʱm̥hajtja *rwekjr̥bʱm̥hawps *rwekjr̥bʱm̥hawtʼos *rwekjr̥bʱm̥hawm *rwekjr̥bʱm̥hawtja
optative I
(*-ɯ/ib-)
non-past
(*-ʔ-)
*rwekʔr̥bʱɯbakʰus *rwekʔr̥bʱɯban *rwekʔr̥bʱɯbaci *rwekʔr̥bʱɯbæps *rwekʔr̥bʱɯbætʼos *rwekʔr̥bʱɯbæm *rwekʔr̥bʱɯbætja *rwekʔr̥bʱɯbɯwps *rwekʔr̥bʱɯbɯwtʼos *rwekʔr̥bʱɯbɯwm *rwekʔr̥bʱɯbɯwtja
past
(*-j-)
*rwekjr̥bʱibekʰus *rwekjr̥bʱiben *rwekjr̥bʱibeci *rwekjr̥bʱibajps *rwekjr̥bʱibajtʼos *rwekjr̥bʱibajm *rwekjr̥bʱibajtja *rwekjr̥bʱibawps *rwekjr̥bʱibawtʼos *rwekjr̥bʱibawm *rwekjr̥bʱibawtja
optative II
(*-aw/jgʱm-)
non-past
(*-ʔ-)
*rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmakʰus *rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱman *rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmaci *rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmæps *rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmætʼos *rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmæm *rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmætja *rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmɯwps *rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmɯwtʼos *rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmɯwm *rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmɯwtja
past
(*-j-)
*rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmekʰus *rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmen *rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmeci *rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmajps *rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmajtʼos *rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmajm *rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmajtja *rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmawps *rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmawtʼos *rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmawm *rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmawtja
perfective aspect
(*-de-)
indicative non-past
(*-ʔ-)
*rwekʔr̥bʱadekʰus *rwekʔr̥bʱaden *rwekʔr̥bʱadeci *rwekʔr̥bʱædeps *rwekʔr̥bʱædetʼos *rwekʔr̥bʱædem *rwekʔr̥bʱædetja *rwekʔr̥bʱɯwdeps *rwekʔr̥bʱɯwdetʼos *rwekʔr̥bʱɯwdem *rwekʔr̥bʱɯwdetja
past
(*-j-)
*rwekjr̥bʱedekʰus *rwekjr̥bʱeden *rwekjr̥bʱedeci *rwekjr̥bʱajdeps *rwekjr̥bʱajdetʼos *rwekjr̥bʱajdem *rwekjr̥bʱajdetja *rwekjr̥bʱawdeps *rwekjr̥bʱawdetʼos *rwekjr̥bʱawdem *rwekjr̥bʱawdetja
cond-subj.
(*-m̥h-)
non-past
(*-ʔ-)
*rwekʔr̥bʱm̥hadekʰus *rwekʔr̥bʱm̥haden *rwekʔr̥bʱm̥hadeci *rwekʔr̥bʱm̥hædeps *rwekʔr̥bʱm̥hædetʼos *rwekʔr̥bʱm̥hædem *rwekʔr̥bʱm̥hædetja *rwekʔr̥bʱm̥hɯwdeps *rwekʔr̥bʱm̥hɯwdetʼos *rwekʔr̥bʱm̥hɯwdem *rwekʔr̥bʱm̥hɯwdetja
past
(*-j-)
*rwekjr̥bʱm̥hedekʰus *rwekjr̥bʱm̥heden *rwekjr̥bʱm̥hedeci *rwekjr̥bʱm̥hajdeps *rwekjr̥bʱm̥hajdetʼos *rwekjr̥bʱm̥hajdem *rwekjr̥bʱm̥hajdetja *rwekjr̥bʱm̥hawdeps *rwekjr̥bʱm̥hawdetʼos *rwekjr̥bʱm̥hawdem *rwekjr̥bʱm̥hawdetja
optative I
(*-ɯ/ib-)
non-past
(*-ʔ-)
*rwekʔr̥bʱɯbadekʰus *rwekʔr̥bʱɯbaden *rwekʔr̥bʱɯbadeci *rwekʔr̥bʱɯbædeps *rwekʔr̥bʱɯbædetʼos *rwekʔr̥bʱɯbædem *rwekʔr̥bʱɯbædetja *rwekʔr̥bʱɯbɯwdeps *rwekʔr̥bʱɯbɯwdetʼos *rwekʔr̥bʱɯbɯwdem *rwekʔr̥bʱɯbɯwdetja
past
(*-j-)
*rwekjr̥bʱibedekʰus *rwekjr̥bʱibeden *rwekjr̥bʱibedeci *rwekjr̥bʱibajdeps *rwekjr̥bʱibajdetʼos *rwekjr̥bʱibajdem *rwekjr̥bʱibajdetja *rwekjr̥bʱibawdeps *rwekjr̥bʱibawdetʼos *rwekjr̥bʱibawdem *rwekjr̥bʱibawdetja
optative II
(*-aw/jgʱm-)
non-past
(*-ʔ-)
*rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmadekʰus *rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmaden *rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmadeci *rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmædeps *rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmædetʼos *rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmædem *rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmædetja *rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmɯwdeps *rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmɯwdetʼos *rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmɯwdem *rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmɯwdetja
past
(*-j-)
*rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmedekʰus *rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmeden *rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmedeci *rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmajdeps *rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmajdetʼos *rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmajdem *rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmajdetja *rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmawdeps *rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmawdetʼos *rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmawdem *rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmawdetja
imperfective aspect
(*-bow-)
indicative non-past
(*-ʔ-)
*rwekʔr̥bʱabowkʰus *rwekʔr̥bʱabown *rwekʔr̥bʱabowci *rwekʔr̥bʱæbowps *rwekʔr̥bʱæbowtʼos *rwekʔr̥bʱæbowm *rwekʔr̥bʱæbowtja *rwekʔr̥bʱɯwbowps *rwekʔr̥bʱɯwbowtʼos *rwekʔr̥bʱɯwbowm *rwekʔr̥bʱɯwbowtja
past
(*-j-)
*rwekjr̥bʱebowkʰus *rwekjr̥bʱebown *rwekjr̥bʱebowci *rwekjr̥bʱajbowps *rwekjr̥bʱajbowtʼos *rwekjr̥bʱajbowm *rwekjr̥bʱajbowtja *rwekjr̥bʱawbowps *rwekjr̥bʱawbowtʼos *rwekjr̥bʱawbowm *rwekjr̥bʱawbowtja
cond-subj.
(*-m̥h-)
non-past
(*-ʔ-)
*rwekʔr̥bʱm̥habowkʰus *rwekʔr̥bʱm̥habown *rwekʔr̥bʱm̥habowci *rwekʔr̥bʱm̥hæbowps *rwekʔr̥bʱm̥hæbowtʼos *rwekʔr̥bʱm̥hæbowm *rwekʔr̥bʱm̥hæbowtja *rwekʔr̥bʱm̥hɯwbowps *rwekʔr̥bʱm̥hɯwbowtʼos *rwekʔr̥bʱm̥hɯwbowm *rwekʔr̥bʱm̥hɯwbowtja
past
(*-j-)
*rwekjr̥bʱm̥hebowkʰus *rwekjr̥bʱm̥hebown *rwekjr̥bʱm̥hebowci *rwekjr̥bʱm̥hajbowps *rwekjr̥bʱm̥hajbowtʼos *rwekjr̥bʱm̥hajbowm *rwekjr̥bʱm̥hajbowtja *rwekjr̥bʱm̥hawbowps *rwekjr̥bʱm̥hawbowtʼos *rwekjr̥bʱm̥hawbowm *rwekjr̥bʱm̥hawbowtja
optative I
(*-ɯ/ib-)
non-past
(*-ʔ-)
*rwekʔr̥bʱɯbabowkʰus *rwekʔr̥bʱɯbabown *rwekʔr̥bʱɯbabowci *rwekʔr̥bʱɯbæbowps *rwekʔr̥bʱɯbæbowtʼos *rwekʔr̥bʱɯbæbowm *rwekʔr̥bʱɯbæbowtja *rwekʔr̥bʱɯbɯwbowps *rwekʔr̥bʱɯbɯwbowtʼos *rwekʔr̥bʱɯbɯwbowm *rwekʔr̥bʱɯbɯwbowtja
past
(*-j-)
*rwekjr̥bʱibebowkʰus *rwekjr̥bʱibebown *rwekjr̥bʱibebowci *rwekjr̥bʱibajbowps *rwekjr̥bʱibajbowtʼos *rwekjr̥bʱibajbowm *rwekjr̥bʱibajbowtja *rwekjr̥bʱibawbowps *rwekjr̥bʱibawbowtʼos *rwekjr̥bʱibawbowm *rwekjr̥bʱibawbowtja
optative II
(*-aw/jgʱm-)
non-past
(*-ʔ-)
*rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmabowkʰus *rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmabown *rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmabowci *rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmæbowps *rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmæbowtʼos *rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmæbowm *rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmæbowtja *rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmɯwbowps *rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmɯwbowtʼos *rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmɯwbowm *rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmɯwbowtja
past
(*-j-)
*rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmebowkʰus *rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmebown *rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmebowci *rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmajbowps *rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmajbowtʼos *rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmajbowm *rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmajbowtja *rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmawbowps *rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmawbowtʼos *rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmawbowm *rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmawbowtja

Descendants

▶ Terms derived from the Proto-Laenkean root *rwek-
  • *rwek-
    • Laefevian: vrêkad
    • Proto-Hirdic: *rweḵ- (“to get, to take”)
      • Radestrian: røat (“to take”)
      • Riyan: reiht (“to get”)