Appendix:Proto-Laenkean/rwek-
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Proto-Laenkean
Root
*rwek- (zero grade *r̥wk-)
Conjugation
Reconstructed conjugation of *rwek- (active voice) | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | ||||
+2 | –2 | +2 | –2 | |||||||||
imperative | *rwekʔar | *rwekʔæ(p?)sje | *rwekʔær | *rwekʔɯw(p?)sje | *rwekʔɯwr | |||||||
simple aspect | ||||||||||||
indicative | non-past (*-ʔ-) |
*rwekʔakʰus | *rwekʔan | *rwekʔaci | *rwekʔæps | *rwekʔætʼos | *rwekʔæm | *rwekʔætja | *rwekʔɯwps | *rwekʔɯwtʼos | *rwekʔɯwm | *rwekʔɯwtja |
past (*-j-) |
*rwekjekʰus | *rwekjen | *rwekjeci | *rwekjajps | *rwekjajtʼos | *rwekjajm | *rwekjajtja | *rwekjawps | *rwekjawtʼos | *rwekjawm | *rwekjawtja | |
cond-subj. (*-m̥h-) |
non-past (*-ʔ-) |
*rwekʔm̥hakʰus | *rwekʔm̥han | *rwekʔm̥haci | *rwekʔm̥hæps | *rwekʔm̥hætʼos | *rwekʔm̥hæm | *rwekʔm̥hætja | *rwekʔm̥hɯwps | *rwekʔm̥hɯwtʼos | *rwekʔm̥hɯwm | *rwekʔm̥hɯwtja |
past (*-j-) |
*rwekjm̥hekʰus | *rwekjm̥hen | *rwekjm̥heci | *rwekjm̥hajps | *rwekjm̥hajtʼos | *rwekjm̥hajm | *rwekjm̥hajtja | *rwekjm̥hawps | *rwekjm̥hawtʼos | *rwekjm̥hawm | *rwekjm̥hawtja | |
optative I (*-ɯ/ib-) |
non-past (*-ʔ-) |
*rwekʔɯbakʰus | *rwekʔɯban | *rwekʔɯbaci | *rwekʔɯbæps | *rwekʔɯbætʼos | *rwekʔɯbæm | *rwekʔɯbætja | *rwekʔɯbɯwps | *rwekʔɯbɯwtʼos | *rwekʔɯbɯwm | *rwekʔɯbɯwtja |
past (*-j-) |
*rwekjibekʰus | *rwekjiben | *rwekjibeci | *rwekjibajps | *rwekjibajtʼos | *rwekjibajm | *rwekjibajtja | *rwekjibawps | *rwekjibawtʼos | *rwekjibawm | *rwekjibawtja | |
optative II (*-aw/jgʱm-) |
non-past (*-ʔ-) |
*rwekʔawgʱmakʰus | *rwekʔawgʱman | *rwekʔawgʱmaci | *rwekʔawgʱmæps | *rwekʔawgʱmætʼos | *rwekʔawgʱmæm | *rwekʔawgʱmætja | *rwekʔawgʱmɯwps | *rwekʔawgʱmɯwtʼos | *rwekʔawgʱmɯwm | *rwekʔawgʱmɯwtja |
past (*-j-) |
*rwekjajgʱmekʰus | *rwekjajgʱmen | *rwekjajgʱmeci | *rwekjajgʱmajps | *rwekjajgʱmajtʼos | *rwekjajgʱmajm | *rwekjajgʱmajtja | *rwekjajgʱmawps | *rwekjajgʱmawtʼos | *rwekjajgʱmawm | *rwekjajgʱmawtja | |
perfective aspect (*-de-) | ||||||||||||
indicative | non-past (*-ʔ-) |
*rwekʔadekʰus | *rwekʔaden | *rwekʔadeci | *rwekʔædeps | *rwekʔædetʼos | *rwekʔædem | *rwekʔædetja | *rwekʔɯwdeps | *rwekʔɯwdetʼos | *rwekʔɯwdem | *rwekʔɯwdetja |
past (*-j-) |
*rwekjedekʰus | *rwekjeden | *rwekjedeci | *rwekjajdeps | *rwekjajdetʼos | *rwekjajdem | *rwekjajdetja | *rwekjawdeps | *rwekjawdetʼos | *rwekjawdem | *rwekjawdetja | |
cond-subj. (*-m̥h-) |
non-past (*-ʔ-) |
*rwekʔm̥hadekʰus | *rwekʔm̥haden | *rwekʔm̥hadeci | *rwekʔm̥hædeps | *rwekʔm̥hædetʼos | *rwekʔm̥hædem | *rwekʔm̥hædetja | *rwekʔm̥hɯwdeps | *rwekʔm̥hɯwdetʼos | *rwekʔm̥hɯwdem | *rwekʔm̥hɯwdetja |
past (*-j-) |
*rwekjm̥hedekʰus | *rwekjm̥heden | *rwekjm̥hedeci | *rwekjm̥hajdeps | *rwekjm̥hajdetʼos | *rwekjm̥hajdem | *rwekjm̥hajdetja | *rwekjm̥hawdeps | *rwekjm̥hawdetʼos | *rwekjm̥hawdem | *rwekjm̥hawdetja | |
optative I (*-ɯ/ib-) |
non-past (*-ʔ-) |
*rwekʔɯbadekʰus | *rwekʔɯbaden | *rwekʔɯbadeci | *rwekʔɯbædeps | *rwekʔɯbædetʼos | *rwekʔɯbædem | *rwekʔɯbædetja | *rwekʔɯbɯwdeps | *rwekʔɯbɯwdetʼos | *rwekʔɯbɯwdem | *rwekʔɯbɯwdetja |
past (*-j-) |
*rwekjibedekʰus | *rwekjibeden | *rwekjibedeci | *rwekjibajdeps | *rwekjibajdetʼos | *rwekjibajdem | *rwekjibajdetja | *rwekjibawdeps | *rwekjibawdetʼos | *rwekjibawdem | *rwekjibawdetja | |
optative II (*-aw/jgʱm-) |
non-past (*-ʔ-) |
*rwekʔawgʱmadekʰus | *rwekʔawgʱmaden | *rwekʔawgʱmadeci | *rwekʔawgʱmædeps | *rwekʔawgʱmædetʼos | *rwekʔawgʱmædem | *rwekʔawgʱmædetja | *rwekʔawgʱmɯwdeps | *rwekʔawgʱmɯwdetʼos | *rwekʔawgʱmɯwdem | *rwekʔawgʱmɯwdetja |
past (*-j-) |
*rwekjajgʱmedekʰus | *rwekjajgʱmeden | *rwekjajgʱmedeci | *rwekjajgʱmajdeps | *rwekjajgʱmajdetʼos | *rwekjajgʱmajdem | *rwekjajgʱmajdetja | *rwekjajgʱmawdeps | *rwekjajgʱmawdetʼos | *rwekjajgʱmawdem | *rwekjajgʱmawdetja | |
imperfective aspect (*-bow-) | ||||||||||||
indicative | non-past (*-ʔ-) |
*rwekʔabowkʰus | *rwekʔabown | *rwekʔabowci | *rwekʔæbowps | *rwekʔæbowtʼos | *rwekʔæbowm | *rwekʔæbowtja | *rwekʔɯwbowps | *rwekʔɯwbowtʼos | *rwekʔɯwbowm | *rwekʔɯwbowtja |
past (*-j-) |
*rwekjebowkʰus | *rwekjebown | *rwekjebowci | *rwekjajbowps | *rwekjajbowtʼos | *rwekjajbowm | *rwekjajbowtja | *rwekjawbowps | *rwekjawbowtʼos | *rwekjawbowm | *rwekjawbowtja | |
cond-subj. (*-m̥h-) |
non-past (*-ʔ-) |
*rwekʔm̥habowkʰus | *rwekʔm̥habown | *rwekʔm̥habowci | *rwekʔm̥hæbowps | *rwekʔm̥hæbowtʼos | *rwekʔm̥hæbowm | *rwekʔm̥hæbowtja | *rwekʔm̥hɯwbowps | *rwekʔm̥hɯwbowtʼos | *rwekʔm̥hɯwbowm | *rwekʔm̥hɯwbowtja |
past (*-j-) |
*rwekjm̥hebowkʰus | *rwekjm̥hebown | *rwekjm̥hebowci | *rwekjm̥hajbowps | *rwekjm̥hajbowtʼos | *rwekjm̥hajbowm | *rwekjm̥hajbowtja | *rwekjm̥hawbowps | *rwekjm̥hawbowtʼos | *rwekjm̥hawbowm | *rwekjm̥hawbowtja | |
optative I (*-ɯ/ib-) |
non-past (*-ʔ-) |
*rwekʔɯbabowkʰus | *rwekʔɯbabown | *rwekʔɯbabowci | *rwekʔɯbæbowps | *rwekʔɯbæbowtʼos | *rwekʔɯbæbowm | *rwekʔɯbæbowtja | *rwekʔɯbɯwbowps | *rwekʔɯbɯwbowtʼos | *rwekʔɯbɯwbowm | *rwekʔɯbɯwbowtja |
past (*-j-) |
*rwekjibebowkʰus | *rwekjibebown | *rwekjibebowci | *rwekjibajbowps | *rwekjibajbowtʼos | *rwekjibajbowm | *rwekjibajbowtja | *rwekjibawbowps | *rwekjibawbowtʼos | *rwekjibawbowm | *rwekjibawbowtja | |
optative II (*-aw/jgʱm-) |
non-past (*-ʔ-) |
*rwekʔawgʱmabowkʰus | *rwekʔawgʱmabown | *rwekʔawgʱmabowci | *rwekʔawgʱmæbowps | *rwekʔawgʱmæbowtʼos | *rwekʔawgʱmæbowm | *rwekʔawgʱmæbowtja | *rwekʔawgʱmɯwbowps | *rwekʔawgʱmɯwbowtʼos | *rwekʔawgʱmɯwbowm | *rwekʔawgʱmɯwbowtja |
past (*-j-) |
*rwekjajgʱmebowkʰus | *rwekjajgʱmebown | *rwekjajgʱmebowci | *rwekjajgʱmajbowps | *rwekjajgʱmajbowtʼos | *rwekjajgʱmajbowm | *rwekjajgʱmajbowtja | *rwekjajgʱmawbowps | *rwekjajgʱmawbowtʼos | *rwekjajgʱmawbowm | *rwekjajgʱmawbowtja |
Reconstructed conjugation of *rwek- (mediopassive voice) | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | ||||
+2 | –2 | +2 | –2 | |||||||||
imperative | *rwekʔr̥bʱar | *rwekʔr̥bʱæ(p?)sje | *rwekʔr̥bʱær | *rwekʔr̥bʱɯw(p?)sje | *rwekʔr̥bʱɯwr | |||||||
simple aspect | ||||||||||||
indicative | non-past (*-ʔ-) |
*rwekʔr̥bʱakʰus | *rwekʔr̥bʱan | *rwekʔr̥bʱaci | *rwekʔr̥bʱæps | *rwekʔr̥bʱætʼos | *rwekʔr̥bʱæm | *rwekʔr̥bʱætja | *rwekʔr̥bʱɯwps | *rwekʔr̥bʱɯwtʼos | *rwekʔr̥bʱɯwm | *rwekʔr̥bʱɯwtja |
past (*-j-) |
*rwekjr̥bʱekʰus | *rwekjr̥bʱen | *rwekjr̥bʱeci | *rwekjr̥bʱajps | *rwekjr̥bʱajtʼos | *rwekjr̥bʱajm | *rwekjr̥bʱajtja | *rwekjr̥bʱawps | *rwekjr̥bʱawtʼos | *rwekjr̥bʱawm | *rwekjr̥bʱawtja | |
cond-subj. (*-m̥h-) |
non-past (*-ʔ-) |
*rwekʔr̥bʱm̥hakʰus | *rwekʔr̥bʱm̥han | *rwekʔr̥bʱm̥haci | *rwekʔr̥bʱm̥hæps | *rwekʔr̥bʱm̥hætʼos | *rwekʔr̥bʱm̥hæm | *rwekʔr̥bʱm̥hætja | *rwekʔr̥bʱm̥hɯwps | *rwekʔr̥bʱm̥hɯwtʼos | *rwekʔr̥bʱm̥hɯwm | *rwekʔr̥bʱm̥hɯwtja |
past (*-j-) |
*rwekjr̥bʱm̥hekʰus | *rwekjr̥bʱm̥hen | *rwekjr̥bʱm̥heci | *rwekjr̥bʱm̥hajps | *rwekjr̥bʱm̥hajtʼos | *rwekjr̥bʱm̥hajm | *rwekjr̥bʱm̥hajtja | *rwekjr̥bʱm̥hawps | *rwekjr̥bʱm̥hawtʼos | *rwekjr̥bʱm̥hawm | *rwekjr̥bʱm̥hawtja | |
optative I (*-ɯ/ib-) |
non-past (*-ʔ-) |
*rwekʔr̥bʱɯbakʰus | *rwekʔr̥bʱɯban | *rwekʔr̥bʱɯbaci | *rwekʔr̥bʱɯbæps | *rwekʔr̥bʱɯbætʼos | *rwekʔr̥bʱɯbæm | *rwekʔr̥bʱɯbætja | *rwekʔr̥bʱɯbɯwps | *rwekʔr̥bʱɯbɯwtʼos | *rwekʔr̥bʱɯbɯwm | *rwekʔr̥bʱɯbɯwtja |
past (*-j-) |
*rwekjr̥bʱibekʰus | *rwekjr̥bʱiben | *rwekjr̥bʱibeci | *rwekjr̥bʱibajps | *rwekjr̥bʱibajtʼos | *rwekjr̥bʱibajm | *rwekjr̥bʱibajtja | *rwekjr̥bʱibawps | *rwekjr̥bʱibawtʼos | *rwekjr̥bʱibawm | *rwekjr̥bʱibawtja | |
optative II (*-aw/jgʱm-) |
non-past (*-ʔ-) |
*rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmakʰus | *rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱman | *rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmaci | *rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmæps | *rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmætʼos | *rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmæm | *rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmætja | *rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmɯwps | *rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmɯwtʼos | *rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmɯwm | *rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmɯwtja |
past (*-j-) |
*rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmekʰus | *rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmen | *rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmeci | *rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmajps | *rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmajtʼos | *rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmajm | *rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmajtja | *rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmawps | *rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmawtʼos | *rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmawm | *rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmawtja | |
perfective aspect (*-de-) | ||||||||||||
indicative | non-past (*-ʔ-) |
*rwekʔr̥bʱadekʰus | *rwekʔr̥bʱaden | *rwekʔr̥bʱadeci | *rwekʔr̥bʱædeps | *rwekʔr̥bʱædetʼos | *rwekʔr̥bʱædem | *rwekʔr̥bʱædetja | *rwekʔr̥bʱɯwdeps | *rwekʔr̥bʱɯwdetʼos | *rwekʔr̥bʱɯwdem | *rwekʔr̥bʱɯwdetja |
past (*-j-) |
*rwekjr̥bʱedekʰus | *rwekjr̥bʱeden | *rwekjr̥bʱedeci | *rwekjr̥bʱajdeps | *rwekjr̥bʱajdetʼos | *rwekjr̥bʱajdem | *rwekjr̥bʱajdetja | *rwekjr̥bʱawdeps | *rwekjr̥bʱawdetʼos | *rwekjr̥bʱawdem | *rwekjr̥bʱawdetja | |
cond-subj. (*-m̥h-) |
non-past (*-ʔ-) |
*rwekʔr̥bʱm̥hadekʰus | *rwekʔr̥bʱm̥haden | *rwekʔr̥bʱm̥hadeci | *rwekʔr̥bʱm̥hædeps | *rwekʔr̥bʱm̥hædetʼos | *rwekʔr̥bʱm̥hædem | *rwekʔr̥bʱm̥hædetja | *rwekʔr̥bʱm̥hɯwdeps | *rwekʔr̥bʱm̥hɯwdetʼos | *rwekʔr̥bʱm̥hɯwdem | *rwekʔr̥bʱm̥hɯwdetja |
past (*-j-) |
*rwekjr̥bʱm̥hedekʰus | *rwekjr̥bʱm̥heden | *rwekjr̥bʱm̥hedeci | *rwekjr̥bʱm̥hajdeps | *rwekjr̥bʱm̥hajdetʼos | *rwekjr̥bʱm̥hajdem | *rwekjr̥bʱm̥hajdetja | *rwekjr̥bʱm̥hawdeps | *rwekjr̥bʱm̥hawdetʼos | *rwekjr̥bʱm̥hawdem | *rwekjr̥bʱm̥hawdetja | |
optative I (*-ɯ/ib-) |
non-past (*-ʔ-) |
*rwekʔr̥bʱɯbadekʰus | *rwekʔr̥bʱɯbaden | *rwekʔr̥bʱɯbadeci | *rwekʔr̥bʱɯbædeps | *rwekʔr̥bʱɯbædetʼos | *rwekʔr̥bʱɯbædem | *rwekʔr̥bʱɯbædetja | *rwekʔr̥bʱɯbɯwdeps | *rwekʔr̥bʱɯbɯwdetʼos | *rwekʔr̥bʱɯbɯwdem | *rwekʔr̥bʱɯbɯwdetja |
past (*-j-) |
*rwekjr̥bʱibedekʰus | *rwekjr̥bʱibeden | *rwekjr̥bʱibedeci | *rwekjr̥bʱibajdeps | *rwekjr̥bʱibajdetʼos | *rwekjr̥bʱibajdem | *rwekjr̥bʱibajdetja | *rwekjr̥bʱibawdeps | *rwekjr̥bʱibawdetʼos | *rwekjr̥bʱibawdem | *rwekjr̥bʱibawdetja | |
optative II (*-aw/jgʱm-) |
non-past (*-ʔ-) |
*rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmadekʰus | *rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmaden | *rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmadeci | *rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmædeps | *rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmædetʼos | *rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmædem | *rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmædetja | *rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmɯwdeps | *rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmɯwdetʼos | *rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmɯwdem | *rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmɯwdetja |
past (*-j-) |
*rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmedekʰus | *rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmeden | *rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmedeci | *rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmajdeps | *rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmajdetʼos | *rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmajdem | *rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmajdetja | *rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmawdeps | *rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmawdetʼos | *rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmawdem | *rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmawdetja | |
imperfective aspect (*-bow-) | ||||||||||||
indicative | non-past (*-ʔ-) |
*rwekʔr̥bʱabowkʰus | *rwekʔr̥bʱabown | *rwekʔr̥bʱabowci | *rwekʔr̥bʱæbowps | *rwekʔr̥bʱæbowtʼos | *rwekʔr̥bʱæbowm | *rwekʔr̥bʱæbowtja | *rwekʔr̥bʱɯwbowps | *rwekʔr̥bʱɯwbowtʼos | *rwekʔr̥bʱɯwbowm | *rwekʔr̥bʱɯwbowtja |
past (*-j-) |
*rwekjr̥bʱebowkʰus | *rwekjr̥bʱebown | *rwekjr̥bʱebowci | *rwekjr̥bʱajbowps | *rwekjr̥bʱajbowtʼos | *rwekjr̥bʱajbowm | *rwekjr̥bʱajbowtja | *rwekjr̥bʱawbowps | *rwekjr̥bʱawbowtʼos | *rwekjr̥bʱawbowm | *rwekjr̥bʱawbowtja | |
cond-subj. (*-m̥h-) |
non-past (*-ʔ-) |
*rwekʔr̥bʱm̥habowkʰus | *rwekʔr̥bʱm̥habown | *rwekʔr̥bʱm̥habowci | *rwekʔr̥bʱm̥hæbowps | *rwekʔr̥bʱm̥hæbowtʼos | *rwekʔr̥bʱm̥hæbowm | *rwekʔr̥bʱm̥hæbowtja | *rwekʔr̥bʱm̥hɯwbowps | *rwekʔr̥bʱm̥hɯwbowtʼos | *rwekʔr̥bʱm̥hɯwbowm | *rwekʔr̥bʱm̥hɯwbowtja |
past (*-j-) |
*rwekjr̥bʱm̥hebowkʰus | *rwekjr̥bʱm̥hebown | *rwekjr̥bʱm̥hebowci | *rwekjr̥bʱm̥hajbowps | *rwekjr̥bʱm̥hajbowtʼos | *rwekjr̥bʱm̥hajbowm | *rwekjr̥bʱm̥hajbowtja | *rwekjr̥bʱm̥hawbowps | *rwekjr̥bʱm̥hawbowtʼos | *rwekjr̥bʱm̥hawbowm | *rwekjr̥bʱm̥hawbowtja | |
optative I (*-ɯ/ib-) |
non-past (*-ʔ-) |
*rwekʔr̥bʱɯbabowkʰus | *rwekʔr̥bʱɯbabown | *rwekʔr̥bʱɯbabowci | *rwekʔr̥bʱɯbæbowps | *rwekʔr̥bʱɯbæbowtʼos | *rwekʔr̥bʱɯbæbowm | *rwekʔr̥bʱɯbæbowtja | *rwekʔr̥bʱɯbɯwbowps | *rwekʔr̥bʱɯbɯwbowtʼos | *rwekʔr̥bʱɯbɯwbowm | *rwekʔr̥bʱɯbɯwbowtja |
past (*-j-) |
*rwekjr̥bʱibebowkʰus | *rwekjr̥bʱibebown | *rwekjr̥bʱibebowci | *rwekjr̥bʱibajbowps | *rwekjr̥bʱibajbowtʼos | *rwekjr̥bʱibajbowm | *rwekjr̥bʱibajbowtja | *rwekjr̥bʱibawbowps | *rwekjr̥bʱibawbowtʼos | *rwekjr̥bʱibawbowm | *rwekjr̥bʱibawbowtja | |
optative II (*-aw/jgʱm-) |
non-past (*-ʔ-) |
*rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmabowkʰus | *rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmabown | *rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmabowci | *rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmæbowps | *rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmæbowtʼos | *rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmæbowm | *rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmæbowtja | *rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmɯwbowps | *rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmɯwbowtʼos | *rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmɯwbowm | *rwekʔr̥bʱawgʱmɯwbowtja |
past (*-j-) |
*rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmebowkʰus | *rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmebown | *rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmebowci | *rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmajbowps | *rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmajbowtʼos | *rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmajbowm | *rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmajbowtja | *rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmawbowps | *rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmawbowtʼos | *rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmawbowm | *rwekjr̥bʱajgʱmawbowtja |
Descendants
▶ Terms derived from the Proto-Laenkean root *rwek- |