-iaht

Laefevian

Alternative forms

• -aht (when added to heavy vowel stems)

Etymology

Nominalised form of -ias, equivalent to -ias + -þ (-noun-deriving suffix).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /-iaxt/ [-iaxt]

Suffix

-iaht (nominal, consonant stem)

1. (productive) Used to derive nouns with a variety of meanings from corresponding adjectives.

   fielpettias (“brush-like”) → fielpettiaht (“Penicillium”) (i.e. brush-like fungus)

2. (terminologically productive) Used to derive certain geometric shapes.

   lomad (“to roll”) → lommiaht (“cylinder”)

   olke (“die”) → olkeaht (“cube”)

   surǧu (“pyramid”) → surǧuaht (“pyramid”)

   lanku (“ball (for playing)”) → lankuaht (“ball”)

3. (terminologically productive) Used to derive certain geologic or geographic terms.

   stêñis (“tight”) → stêññiaht (“gorge, ravine”)

   ørþis (“flat”) → ørþiaht (“plain, flatlands”)

   ewant (“sand”) → ewantiaht (“sandbar”)

   hranus (“dead)”) → hraniaht (“oxbow lake”)

4. (somewhat productive) Used to derive names of fruits and fruit trees that typically grow in the wild and are ungrafted.

   huntar (“cherry”) → huntarriaht (“wild cherry”)

   huntiêrpe (“cherry tree”) → huntiêrpiaht (“wild cherry tree”)

   ampar (“apple”) → amparriaht (“wild apple”)

   miêrpe (“apple tree”) → miêrpiaht (“wild apple tree”)

5. (somewhat productive) Used to derive names of berries and berry plants that grow in the wild.

   arkøikši (“blueberry”) → arkøikšiaht (“wild blueberry”)

   arkøihke (“blueberry plant”) → arkøihkiaht (“wild blueberry plant”)

   telsykši (“strawberry”) → telsykšiaht (“wild strawberry”)

   telsyhke (“strawberry plant”) → telsyhkiaht (“wild strawberry plant”)

Usage notes

The suffix causes gemination of the preceding single consonant if added directly to the base (e.g. huntar → huntarriaht). The gemination does not take place if the base does not end in a single consonant (e.g. ewant → ewantiaht), or if the base ends in a vowel (e.g. hranus → oblique hrani- → hraniaht). In some cases, the initial vowel of the suffix is omitted (e.g. olke → oblique olke → olkeaht), which mostly happens in heavy vowel-stems.

Declension

Primary case declension of -iaht (see Laefevian declension)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	-iaht	-iahtund	-iahtir
accusative	-iahte	-iahtundi	-iahti
genitive	-iahtau	-iahtundas	-iahtas, -iahtiras†
dative	-iahtun	-iahtundon	-iahtirons, -iahtonc
locative	-iahtul	-iahtundos	-iahtiross, -iahtosc
instrumental	-iahtô	-iahtundêt	-iahtirêts, -iahtêtc
Note: † archaic, s standard or formal, c colloquial or informal.

Secondary case declension of -iaht (see Laefevian declension)
accusative-based cases	singular	dual	plural
sublative	-iahtere	-iahtundire	-iahtire
illative	-iahtele	-iahtundile	-iahtile
benefactive	-iahtear	-iahtundiar	-iahtiar
prolative	-iahtekwe	-iahtundikwe	-iahtikwe
causal-final	-iahtedis	-iahtundirris	-iahtirris
genitive-based cases	singular	dual	plural
delative	-iahtôka	-iahtundirka	-iahtirka
elative	-iahtôtan	-iahtundirtan	-iahtirtan
ablative	-iahtaôn	-iahtundiruôn	-iahtiruôn
essive	-iahtôjøn	-iahtundirjøn	-iahtirjøn
abessive	-iahtôze	-iahtundirse	-iahtirse
dative-based cases	singular	dual	plural
terminative	-iahtumas	-iahtundirmas	-iahtirmas
lative	-iahtunši	-iahtundirši	-iahtirši
locative-based cases	singular	dual	plural
superessive	-iahtuneres, -iahtunerc	-iahtundirorres, -iahtundorrec	-iahtirorres, -iahtorrec
inessive	-iahtulle	-iahtundirolles, -iahtundollec	-iahtirolles, -iahtollec
exessive	-iahtunun	-iahtundirsun	-iahtirsun
perlative	-iahtuffêl	-iahtundirfêl	-iahtirfêl
instrumental-based cases	singular	dual	plural
translative	-iahtôske	-iahtundirêskes, -iahtundêskec	-iahtirêskes, -iahtêskec
comitative	-iahtôsôds, -iahtôdc	-iahtundirtôds, -iahtundôdc	-iahtirtôd
Note: s standard or formal, c colloquial or informal.

Derived terms

▶ Laefevian terms suffixed with -iaht