Appendix:World/Radic languages: Difference between revisions

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(Created page with "{{wip}} {{appendix|rad-pro}} The '''Radic languages''' are a subfamily of {{w|Laenkean languages}}. The corresponding proto-language is {{w|Proto-Radic language|Proto-Radic}}. == Genealogy == * North Radic ** Old Radestrian *** Middle Radestrian **** {{w|Radestrian language|Radestrian}} * South Radic ** Old Ardian *** {{w|Ardian language|Ardian}} ** Old Lusetian *** {{w|Lusetian language|Lusetian}} === North versus south === The northern Radic languages are characteri...")
 
 
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The northern Radic languages are characterised by grammatical conservatism: the case systems tend to remain stable, and many of the inflectional distinctions in the verb system, though not all, continue to be functional, e.g. the habitual conjugations in Radestrian (from the Radic perfective) and the clusivity distinction. Phonologically, the early vowel system alongside the suprasegmental distinction of length is stable overall, with substantial change occurring primarily with consonants.
The northern Radic languages are characterised by grammatical conservatism: the case systems tend to remain stable, and many of the inflectional distinctions in the verb system, though not all, continue to be functional, e.g. the habitual conjugations in Radestrian (from the Radic perfective) and the clusivity distinction. Phonologically, the early vowel system alongside the suprasegmental distinction of length is stable overall, with substantial change occurring primarily with consonants.


The southern Radic languages, on the other hand, exhibit a collapse of the original inflectional paradigms: both Ardian and Lusetian exhibit a binary case system, with Ardian's second case, the constructive, being far more restricted than the Lusetian oblique. The personal conjugations in both languages also exhibit a lot of syncretism, with the tense, mood and aspect system reduced from the original Radic distinctions. Both languages, however, have innovated new tenses, such as the Lusetian future and the Ardian imperfect. Southern Radic phonology is characterised by a monophthongal resolution of the short-long vowel distinction in Radic, and in some cases new suprasegmental features, such as re-invented length and pitch accent in Lusetian.
The southern Radic languages, on the other hand, display a collapse of the original inflectional paradigms: both Ardian and Lusetian exhibit a binary case system, with Ardian's second case, the constructive, being far more restricted than the Lusetian oblique. The personal conjugations in both languages also exhibit a lot of syncretism, with the tense, mood and aspect system reduced from the original Radic distinctions. Both languages, however, have innovated new tenses, such as the Lusetian future and the Ardian imperfect. Southern Radic phonology is characterised by a lengthless resolution of the short-long vowel distinction in Radic, giving way to similar mobile stress systems in Ardian and Lusetian. Other innovative suprasegmental features include re-invented length (which does not correspond to the original Radic vowel length distinction, but rather voicing) and pitch accent in Lusetian.
 
== Vocabulary comparison ==
Below is a table of common Radic cognates:
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center"
|-
! Proto-Radic !! Radestrian !! Ardian !! Lusetian !! English
|-
| {{l|rad-pro|βırɣs}}
| {{l|rad|vlaus}}<br>{{tipa|[{{rad-IPA|vlaus|phon}}]}}
| {{l|ard|vyrs}}<br>{{tipa|[vɨrs]}}
| {{l|lus|virc}}<br>{{tipa|[vɪ̀rːk]}}
| ant
|-
| {{l|rad-pro|ebirhir}}
| {{l|rad|ebres}}<br>{{tipa|[{{rad-IPA|ebres|phon}}]}}
| {{l|ard|ebis}}<br>{{tipa|[ˈebis]}}
| {{l|lus|ebarr}}<br>{{tipa|[ˈèːbəɹ]}}
| goat
|-
| {{l|rad-pro|hlyrɸir}}
| {{l|rad|hlyrfs}}<br>{{tipa|[{{rad-IPA|hlyrfs|phon}}]}}
| {{l|ard|lirps}}<br>{{tipa|[lirps]}}
| {{l|lus|lyrvi}}<br>{{tipa|[ˈlʏ́rvɪ]}}
| string
|-
| {{l|rad-pro|nēβir}}
| {{l|rad|njøs}}<br>{{tipa|[{{rad-IPA|njøs|phon}}]}}
| {{l|ard|nevs}}<br>{{tipa|[news]}}
| {{l|lus|nivi}}<br>{{tipa|[ˈnɪ̀ːvɪ]}}
| dog
|-
| {{l|rad-pro|rwanθur}}
| {{l|rad|rvanþs}}<br>{{tipa|[{{rad-IPA|rvanþs|phon}}]}}
| {{l|ard|rôns}}<br>{{tipa|[rɔns]}}
| {{l|lus|rundu}}<br>{{tipa|[ˈrʊ̀ndʊ]}}
| wheel
|-
| {{l|rad-pro|stîms}}
| {{l|rad|stiems}}<br>{{tipa|[{{rad-IPA|stiems|phon}}]}}
| {{l|ard|styms}}<br>{{tipa|[st1ms]}}
| {{l|lus|stīm}}<br>{{tipa|[stìm]}}
| friend
|-
| {{l|rad-pro|źijıns}}
| {{l|rad|ziens}}<br>{{tipa|[{{rad-IPA|ziens|phon}}]}}
| {{l|ard|žins}}<br>{{tipa|[ʒins]}}
| {{l|lus|zîn}}<br>{{tipa|[ʑìn]}}
| lion
|}

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The Radic languages are a subfamily of Laenkean languages. The corresponding proto-language is Proto-Radic.

Genealogy

North versus south

The northern Radic languages are characterised by grammatical conservatism: the case systems tend to remain stable, and many of the inflectional distinctions in the verb system, though not all, continue to be functional, e.g. the habitual conjugations in Radestrian (from the Radic perfective) and the clusivity distinction. Phonologically, the early vowel system alongside the suprasegmental distinction of length is stable overall, with substantial change occurring primarily with consonants.

The southern Radic languages, on the other hand, display a collapse of the original inflectional paradigms: both Ardian and Lusetian exhibit a binary case system, with Ardian's second case, the constructive, being far more restricted than the Lusetian oblique. The personal conjugations in both languages also exhibit a lot of syncretism, with the tense, mood and aspect system reduced from the original Radic distinctions. Both languages, however, have innovated new tenses, such as the Lusetian future and the Ardian imperfect. Southern Radic phonology is characterised by a lengthless resolution of the short-long vowel distinction in Radic, giving way to similar mobile stress systems in Ardian and Lusetian. Other innovative suprasegmental features include re-invented length (which does not correspond to the original Radic vowel length distinction, but rather voicing) and pitch accent in Lusetian.

Vocabulary comparison

Below is a table of common Radic cognates:

Proto-Radic Radestrian Ardian Lusetian English
*βırɣs vlaus
[vlaus] 		vyrs
[vɨrs] 		virc
[vɪ̀rːk] 		ant
*ebirhir ebres
[ˈɛbrɛs] 		ebis
[ˈebis] 		ebarr
[ˈèːbəɹ] 		goat
*hlyrɸir hlyrfs
[xlirfs] 		lirps
[lirps] 		lyrvi
[ˈlʏ́rvɪ] 		string
*nēβir njøs
[ɲœs] 		nevs
[news] 		nivi
[ˈnɪ̀ːvɪ] 		dog
*rwanθur rvanþs
[rvãˑθs] 		rôns
[rɔns] 		rundu
[ˈrʊ̀ndʊ] 		wheel
*stîms stiems
[stiems] 		styms
[stɨms] 		stīm
[stìm] 		friend
*źijıns ziens
[zĩˑẽs] 		žins
[ʒins] 		zîn
[ʑìn] 		lion
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