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vat: Difference between revisions
→Etymology
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{{root|lfv|lnk-pro|bʱat-}} | {{root|lfv|lnk-pro|bʱat-}} | ||
{{root|lfv|lfv|vat-}} | {{root|lfv|lfv|vat-}} | ||
From {{inherit|lfv|lfv-pro| | From {{inherit|lfv|lfv-pro|bʱatəh}}, from {{inherit|lfv|lnk-pro|bʱat-|bʱatas|t=eye}}. | ||
=== Pronunciation === | === Pronunciation === | ||
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inherited | inherited | ||
from {{inherit|rad|rad-pro|hılht}}, | from {{inherit|rad|rad-pro|hılht}}, | ||
from {{inherit|rad|hrd-pro|p̄ɯl-}} | from {{inherit|rad|hrd-pro|p̄ɯl-}}, | ||
from {{inherit|rad|lnk-pro|pɯl-}} | from {{inherit|rad|lnk-pro|pɯl-}}. | ||
{{root|rad|lnk-pro|pɯl-|(s)natʼ-}} | {{root|rad|lnk-pro|pɯl-|(s)natʼ-}} | ||
Suppleted forms from {{inherit|rad|rad-o|rnatht}}, from {{inherit|rad|hrd-pro|snat-}}, from {{inherit|rad|lnk-pro|(s)natʼ-}}. | Suppleted forms from {{inherit|rad|rad-o|rnatht}}, from {{inherit|rad|hrd-pro|snat-}}, from {{inherit|rad|lnk-pro|(s)natʼ-}}. | ||
=== Pronunciation === | === Pronunciation === | ||
{{rad- | * {{IPA|rad|/{{rad-IPA|vat}}/}} | ||
** As a predicating verb, it is a phonological enclitic when directly following the predicate, regardless of spelling. This means that ''vancí vagú'' (“they are ill”), although primarily stressed as two separate words, constitutes one phonological word, i.e. {{rad-IPA|vancí-vagú|format|nolarge}}, not *{{rad-IPA|vancí vagú|format|nolarge}} or *{{rad-IPA|vancívagú|format|nolarge}}). | |||
*** This means that its forms as an enclitic can acquire light phonetic secondary stress on the ult (or penult if long) for most speakers, i.e. {{tipa|[ˈvantsiːvaˌɡuː]}}, which also contributes to modern Radestrian poetics. Compare {{m|rad|vagú}} when it is not an enclitic, which is stressed as {{rad-IPA|vagú|format|nolarge}}. It is worth noting, however, that the rules for phonetic secondary stress placement are more complex. | |||
* {{rhymes|rad|-at}} | |||
=== Verb === | === Verb === | ||
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|vn=hovaș|vn2=rnataș | |vn=hovaș|vn2=rnataș | ||
}} | }} | ||
# {{label|rad|cop}} to {{eng|be}} | # {{label|rad|cop}} to {{eng|be}} {{+|&_equivalence + nominative}} | ||
#: {{antonyms|rad|hjeat}} | #: {{antonyms|rad|hjeat}} | ||
#: {{ex|rad|Vâs voí asmeșír'''-aș'''!|He'''’s''' just a boy!}} | #: {{ex|rad|Vâs voí asmeșír'''-aș'''!|He'''’s''' just a boy!}} | ||
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# {{label|rad|cop}} ''stative predication'' {{+|adverb}} | # {{label|rad|cop}} ''stative predication'' {{+|adverb}} | ||
#: {{ex|rad|Ú ỉ '''vage'''.|I '''am''' hot. / I '''feel''' hot.}} | #: {{ex|rad|Ú ỉ '''vage'''.|I '''am''' hot. / I '''feel''' hot.}} | ||
# {{label|rad|intr}} to {{eng|exist}}, {{eng|there_be|there to be}} | # {{label|rad|intr}} | ||
#: {{ex|rad|Þrane '''vagú''' la virșa dziun!|'''There are''' animals in my house!}} | ## to {{eng|exist}}, {{eng|there_be|there to be}} | ||
# to {{eng|have}} {{+|rad verb|*nom<qq:the possessed> + dat<qq:possessor>}} | ##: {{ex|rad|Þrane '''vagú''' la virșa dziun!|'''There are''' animals in my house!}} | ||
#: {{ex|rad|Ven dzínis'''-aș'''.|I have a daughter. (''lit.'' To me '''there is''' a daughter.)}} | ## to {{eng|have}} {{+|rad verb|*nom<qq:the possessed> + dat<qq:possessor>}} | ||
# {{label|rad|intr|stative}} to {{eng|be}} (in a place, at a time) | ##: {{ex|rad|Ven dzínis'''-aș'''.|I have a daughter. (''lit.'' To me '''there is''' a daughter.)}} | ||
#: {{ex|rad|U haldzỉr teral-'''âleș'''.|The architect '''was''' here.}} | # {{label|rad|intr|stative}} | ||
# to {{eng|wear}} (clothing) {{+|rad|nom<what> + :yn(dat)<who | ## to {{eng|be}} (in a place, at a time) | ||
#: {{ex|rad|Venyn erváte *vagú*.|I wear glasses. (''lit.'' At me *are* glasses.)}} | ##: {{ex|rad|U haldzỉr teral-'''âleș'''.|The architect '''was''' here.}} | ||
#: {{ex|rad|Venger rjes*-aș*.|I wear a hat. (''lit.'' On me *is* a hat.)}} | ## to {{eng|wear}} (clothing) {{+|rad|nom<what> + :yn(dat)<who> / :er(dat)<who><qq:headwear>}} | ||
##: {{ex|rad|Venyn erváte *vagú*.|I wear glasses. (''lit.'' At me *are* glasses.)}} | |||
##: {{ex|rad|Venger rjes*-aș*.|I wear a hat. (''lit.'' On me *is* a hat.)}} | |||
# {{label|rad|aux}} ''forms the continuous aspect'', to {{eng|be}} {{+|present adverbial participle}} | # {{label|rad|aux}} ''forms the continuous aspect'', to {{eng|be}} {{+|present adverbial participle}} | ||
# {{label|rad|aux}} ''forms the perfective aspect'', to {{eng|have}} {{+|past adverbial participle}} | # {{label|rad|aux}} ''forms the perfective aspect'', to {{eng|have}} {{+|past adverbial participle}} | ||
==== Usage notes ==== | ==== Usage notes ==== | ||
* When introducing a predicate ending in a consonant, the | * When introducing a predicate ending in a consonant, the form {{m|rad|-at}} can be used. | ||
* The verb {{m|rad|vat}} does not have a connegative form. | * The verb {{m|rad|vat}} does not have a connegative form. | ||
** For negations of {{m|rad|vat}} in all senses, the verb {{m|rad|hjeat}} is used. | ** For negations of {{m|rad|vat}} in all senses, the verb {{m|rad|hjeat}} is used. | ||
* Indicative non-past depersonal forms are only used emphatically. Otherwise, they are elided. | * Indicative non-past depersonal forms are only used emphatically. Otherwise, they are elided. | ||
** The singular depersonal form also does not exist: {{m|rad|gje}} is used in emphatic contexts. | |||
* The verbal noun {{m|rad|hovaș}} tends to refer to identities, whereas {{m|rad|rnataș}} refers to states. | * The verbal noun {{m|rad|hovaș}} tends to refer to identities, whereas {{m|rad|rnataș}} refers to states. | ||
* Past forms in ''hâl-'' are the most common. | * Past forms in ''hâl-'' are the most common. | ||
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==== Conjugation ==== | ==== Conjugation ==== | ||
{{rad-conj|vat|vag|hâl|rnasti|rnat|vnoun=hovaș|3s=vaș|r=var|t=intr|altvnoun=rnataș|altpst=rnos|altapst=rnosa}} | {{rad-conj|vat|vag|hâl*|rnasti*|rnat*|vnoun=hovaș*|3s=vaș|r=var|t=intr|altvnoun=rnataș*|altpst=rnos*|altapst=rnosa*|depers=gje*}} | ||
==== Translations ==== | ==== Translations ==== | ||