Appendix:World/Radic languages: Difference between revisions
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The northern Radic languages are characterised by grammatical conservatism: the case systems tend to remain stable, and many of the inflectional distinctions in the verb system, though not all, continue to be functional, e.g. the habitual conjugations in Radestrian (from the Radic perfective) and the clusivity distinction. Phonologically, the early vowel system alongside the suprasegmental distinction of length is stable overall, with substantial change occurring primarily with consonants. | The northern Radic languages are characterised by grammatical conservatism: the case systems tend to remain stable, and many of the inflectional distinctions in the verb system, though not all, continue to be functional, e.g. the habitual conjugations in Radestrian (from the Radic perfective) and the clusivity distinction. Phonologically, the early vowel system alongside the suprasegmental distinction of length is stable overall, with substantial change occurring primarily with consonants. | ||
The southern Radic languages, on the other hand, | The southern Radic languages, on the other hand, display a collapse of the original inflectional paradigms: both Ardian and Lusetian exhibit a binary case system, with Ardian's second case, the constructive, being far more restricted than the Lusetian oblique. The personal conjugations in both languages also exhibit a lot of syncretism, with the tense, mood and aspect system reduced from the original Radic distinctions. Both languages, however, have innovated new tenses, such as the Lusetian future and the Ardian imperfect. Southern Radic phonology is characterised by a lengthless resolution of the short-long vowel distinction in Radic, and in some cases new suprasegmental features, such as re-invented length and pitch accent in Lusetian. | ||
== Vocabulary comparison == | |||
Below is a table of common Radic cognates: | |||
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center" | |||
|- | |||
! Proto-Radic !! Radestrian !! Ardian !! Lusetian !! English | |||
|- | |||
| {{l|rad-pro|βırɣs}} | |||
| {{l|rad|vlaus}}<br>{{tipa|[{{rad-IPA|vlaus|phon}}]}} | |||
| {{l|ard|vyrs}}<br>{{tipa|[vərs]}} | |||
| {{l|lus|virc}}<br>{{tipa|[vɪ̀rːk]}} | |||
| ant | |||
|- | |||
| {{l|rad-pro|ebirhir}} | |||
| {{l|rad|ebres}}<br>{{tipa|[{{rad-IPA|ebres|phon}}]}} | |||
| {{l|ard|ebis}}<br>{{tipa|[ebis]}} | |||
| {{l|lus|ebarr}}<br>{{tipa|[ˈèːbəɹ]}} | |||
| goat | |||
|- | |||
| {{l|rad-pro|hlyrɸir}} | |||
| {{l|rad|hlyrfs}}<br>{{tipa|[{{rad-IPA|hlyrfs|phon}}]}} | |||
| {{l|ard|lüs}}<br>{{tipa|[lys]}} | |||
| {{l|lus|lyrvi}}<br>{{tipa|[ˈlʏ́rvɪ]}} | |||
| string | |||
|- | |||
| {{l|rad-pro|nēβir}} | |||
| {{l|rad|njøs}}<br>{{tipa|[{{rad-IPA|njøs|phon}}]}} | |||
| {{l|ard|nevs}}<br>{{tipa|[news]}} | |||
| {{l|lus|nivi}}<br>{{tipa|[ˈnɪ̀ːvɪ]}} | |||
| dog | |||
|- | |||
| {{l|rad-pro|rwanθur}} | |||
| {{l|rad|rvanþs}}<br>{{tipa|[{{rad-IPA|rvanþs|phon}}]}} | |||
| {{l|ard|rôns}}<br>{{tipa|[rɔns]}} | |||
| {{l|lus|rundu}}<br>{{tipa|[ˈrʊ̀ndʊ]}} | |||
| wheel | |||
|- | |||
| {{l|rad-pro|stîms}} | |||
| {{l|rad|stiems}}<br>{{tipa|[{{rad-IPA|stiems|phon}}]}} | |||
| {{l|ard|styms}}<br>{{tipa|[stəms]}} | |||
| {{l|lus|stam}}<br>{{tipa|[stə̀m]}} | |||
| friend | |||
|- | |||
| {{l|rad-pro|źijıns}} | |||
| {{l|rad|ziens}}<br>{{tipa|[{{rad-IPA|ziens|phon}}]}} | |||
| {{l|ard|žins}}<br>{{tipa|[ʒins]}} | |||
| {{l|lus|zîn}}<br>{{tipa|[ʑìn]}} | |||
| lion | |||
|} | |||
Latest revision as of 00:17, 19 November 2024
The Radic languages are a subfamily of Laenkean languages. The corresponding proto-language is Proto-Radic.
Genealogy
- North Radic
- Old Radestrian
- Middle Radestrian
- Old Radestrian
- South Radic
North versus south
The northern Radic languages are characterised by grammatical conservatism: the case systems tend to remain stable, and many of the inflectional distinctions in the verb system, though not all, continue to be functional, e.g. the habitual conjugations in Radestrian (from the Radic perfective) and the clusivity distinction. Phonologically, the early vowel system alongside the suprasegmental distinction of length is stable overall, with substantial change occurring primarily with consonants.
The southern Radic languages, on the other hand, display a collapse of the original inflectional paradigms: both Ardian and Lusetian exhibit a binary case system, with Ardian's second case, the constructive, being far more restricted than the Lusetian oblique. The personal conjugations in both languages also exhibit a lot of syncretism, with the tense, mood and aspect system reduced from the original Radic distinctions. Both languages, however, have innovated new tenses, such as the Lusetian future and the Ardian imperfect. Southern Radic phonology is characterised by a lengthless resolution of the short-long vowel distinction in Radic, and in some cases new suprasegmental features, such as re-invented length and pitch accent in Lusetian.
Vocabulary comparison
Below is a table of common Radic cognates:
| Proto-Radic | Radestrian | Ardian | Lusetian | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| *βırɣs | vlaus [vlaus] |
vyrs [vərs] |
virc [vɪ̀rːk] |
ant |
| *ebirhir | ebres [ˈɛbrɛs] |
ebis [ebis] |
ebarr [ˈèːbəɹ] |
goat |
| *hlyrɸir | hlyrfs [xlirfs] |
lüs [lys] |
lyrvi [ˈlʏ́rvɪ] |
string |
| *nēβir | njøs [ɲœs] |
nevs [news] |
nivi [ˈnɪ̀ːvɪ] |
dog |
| *rwanθur | rvanþs [rvãˑθs] |
rôns [rɔns] |
rundu [ˈrʊ̀ndʊ] |
wheel |
| *stîms | stiems [stiems] |
styms [stəms] |
stam [stə̀m] |
friend |
| *źijıns | ziens [zĩˑẽs] |
žins [ʒins] |
zîn [ʑìn] |
lion |