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(Created page with "== Radestrian == === Alternative forms === * {{l|rad|-la}} (''pronominal enclitic'') === Etymology === From {{inherit|rad|rad-m|la}}, from {{inherit|rad|rad-o|læ}}, inherited from {{inherit|rad|rad-pro|læ}}, from {{inherit|rad|hrd-pro|læ}}. from {{inherit|rad|lnk-pro|læh-}}. {{root|rad|lnk-pro|læh-}} === Pronunciation === {{rad-pr|colloquial|lɤ}} === Preposition === {{head|rad|preposition }} # {{eng|in}}, {{eng|at}} [+dative] Category:Radestrian prepositions g...")
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{{multilang}}
== Radestrian ==
== Radestrian ==


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from {{inherit|rad|rad-pro|læ}},
from {{inherit|rad|rad-pro|læ}},
from {{inherit|rad|hrd-pro|læ}}.
from {{inherit|rad|hrd-pro|læ}}.
from {{inherit|rad|lnk-pro|læh-}}.
from {{inherit|rad|lnk-pro|læh}}.
{{root|rad|lnk-pro|læh-}}
{{root|rad|lnk-pro|læh-}}
=== Pronunciation ===
=== Pronunciation ===
{{rad-pr|colloquial|lɤ}}
{{rad-pr|colloquial|lɤ}}
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{{head|rad|preposition
{{head|rad|preposition
}}
}}
# {{eng|in}}, {{eng|at}} [+dative] [[Category:Radestrian prepositions governing the dative]]
# {{label|rad|spatial}} {{eng|in}}, {{eng|at}} {{+|rad prep|dat}}
# {{eng|into}}, {{eng|to}} [+accusative] [[Category:Radestrian prepositions governing the accusative]]
#: {{ex|rad|<b>Lá</b> láfolá vage.|I’m <b>at</b> the café.}}
# {{label|rad|spatial}} {{eng|into}}, {{eng|to}} {{+|rad prep|acc}}
# {{label|rad|temporal}} {{eng|on}}, {{eng|in}} (day, month) {{+|rad prep|dat}}
#: {{ex|rad|<b>lá</b> varygun|<b>on</b> Monday}}
#: {{ex|rad|<b>lá</b> gjembrava|<b>in</b> May}}
#: {{ex|rad|<b>la</b> atíșa varygun irgutvușa|<b>on</b> 22<sup>nd</sup> October}}


==== Usage notes ====
==== Usage notes ====
* Refers to bound spaces.
* Refers to bound spaces.
** For envelopment, e.g. by a liquid, see {{m|rad|tí}}.
** For immersion, e.g. '''in''' a liquid, see {{m|rad|tí}}.
{{rad-prep|a=lá|ag=lág|ai=l’ai|i=l’i|u=l’u}}
{{rad-prep|a=lá|ag=l'ag|ai=l'ai|i=l'i|u=l'u}}
{{rad-enclisis|acc|dat|n=lla|d=zla|st=sla}}
 
==== Related terms ====
{{columns|rad
|le-
|leà<t:core>
}}
 
==== See also ====
{{rad-sprep}}
{{rad-tprep}}
 
==Riyan==
 
=== Etymology ===
{{root|ryn|lnk-pro|læh-}}
From {{inherit|ryn|hrd-pro|læ|t=in}}, from {{inherit|ryn|lnk-pro|læh-|t=in}}.
 
===Pronunciation===
* {{a|ryn|Kuoma}} {{IPA|ryn|/la/|[lɑ]}}
* {{rhymes|ryn|a}}
 
===Preposition===
{{head|ryn|preposition}}
 
# {{eng|in}}, {{eng|inside}}
#: {{ex|ryn|Na '''la''' dreŗa mai șiol.|There are four chapters '''in''' the book.}}
# {{eng|on}} (date)
#: {{ex|ryn|Șaohaŗ '''la''' liŗe hirta alant.|I'm travelling '''on''' the 5th Prindine of January.}}

Latest revision as of 14:41, 20 August 2024

Radestrian

Alternative forms

  • -la (pronominal enclitic)

Etymology

From Middle Radestrian la, from Old Radestrian læ, inherited from Proto-Radic *læ, from Proto-Hirdic *læ. from Proto-Laenkean *læh.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /la/
    • (colloquial) /lɤ/
  • Rhymes: -a (58), -ɤ (5)

Preposition

la

  1. (spatial) in, at [with dative]
    Lá láfolá vage.
    I’m at the café.
  2. (spatial) into, to [with accusative]
  3. (temporal) on, in (day, month) [with dative]
    lá varygun
    on Monday
    lá gjembrava
    in May
    la atíșa varygun irgutvușa
    on 22nd October

Usage notes

  • Refers to bound spaces.
    • For immersion, e.g. in a liquid, see tí.
  • When followed by the definite article, la combines with the article to produce the following forms:
Combined forms of la
+ a + a' + ag + ai + i + u
lá lá' l'ag l'ai l'i l'u
  • The enclitic form is used in combination with weak pronominal complements:

Combined pronominal forms of la 
case personal
SG PL REFL RECP
1 2 3 1 2 3
ANIM INAN INCL EXCL ANIM INAN
ú re vâs vara dzun dzate sjáște vír vara dzist dzjed
[dative] vella
/ˈvɛlla/		 ralla
/ˈralla/		 vâlla
/ˈvɤlla/		 valla
/ˈvalla/		 dzmella
/ˈdzmɛlla/		 dzatulla
/ˈdzatɤlla/		 sjálla
/ˈʃaːlla/		 vjella
/ˈvjɛlla/		 vailla
/ˈvailla/		 dzilla
/ˈdzilla/		 dzjella
/ˈdʒɛlla/
[accusative] vesla
/ˈvɛsla/		 rasla
/ˈrasla/		 vâsla
/ˈvɤsla/		 vasla
/ˈvasla/		 dzmezla
/ˈdzmɛzla/		 dzatuzla
/ˈdzatɤzla/		 sjázla
/ˈʃaːzla/		 vjezla
/ˈvjɛzla/		 vaizla
/ˈvaizla/		 dzisla
/ˈdzisla/		 dzjezla
/ˈdʒɛzla/
case number interrogative-
existential		 demonstrative quantifier
ANIM INAN PROX DIST indefinite general indefinite collective
ANIM INAN ANIM INAN ANIM INAN
bjaș bjar kjes okjes baus bvar bjaș-á bjar-á vaus var
[dative] SG bjála
/ˈbjaːla/		 billa
/ˈbilla/		 kala
/ˈkala/		 okala
/ˈɔkala/		 bála
/ˈbaːla/		 bulla
/ˈbɤlla/		 bjála-vá
/ˈbjaːlavaː/		 billa-vá
/ˈbillavaː/		 vála
/ˈvaːla/		 uvala
/ˈuvala/
PL bjailla
/ˈbjailla/		 bjella
/ˈbjɛlla/		 tella
/ˈtɛlla/		 otella
/ɔˈtɛlla/		 baulla
/ˈbaulla/		 bølla
/ˈbœlla/		 bjailla-vá
/ˈbjaillavaː/		 bjella-vá
/ˈbjɛllavaː/
[accusative] SG bjásla
/ˈbjaːsla/		 bisla
/ˈbisla/		 kazla
/ˈkazla/		 okazla
/ɔˈkazla/		 byesla
/ˈbiesla/		 busla
/ˈbɤsla/		 bjásla-vá
/ˈbjaːslavaː/		 bisla-vá
/ˈbislavaː/		 vaosla
/ˈvɔːsla/		 utazla
/uˈtazla/
PL bjaizla
/ˈbjaizla/		 bjezla
/ˈbjɛzla/		 tezla
/ˈtɛzla/		 otezla
/ɔˈtɛzla/		 bauzla
/ˈbauzla/		 bøzla
/ˈbœzla/		 bjaizla-vá
/ˈbjaizlavaː/		 bjezla-vá
/ˈbjɛzlavaː/

Related terms

See also

Radestrian spatial prepositions
space position goal source transit
exterior lara
[genitive]
outside 		lara
[accusative]
outside 		allara
[genitive]
from outside 		ýra
[accusative]
past, by
interior
(bound space) 		la
[dative]
in, at 		la
[accusative]
into, to 		an
[genitive]
out, from 		ý
[accusative]
through
immersion tí
[instrumental]
between, amidst, in 		latí
[accusative]
between, into 		antí
[genitive]
from between, out
establishment sje
[dative]
at 		sá
[dative]
to 		tí
[accusative]
from
boundary ní
[instrumental]
by, at, beside 		ynan
[dative]
along
plane
(unbound space) 		er
[dative]
on, at 		er
[accusative]
onto, to 		ý
[accusative]
through
superior surface ha
[genitive]
off 		teșa
[genitive]
across, over
vertical/inferior
surface 		yn
[dative]
on 		yn
[accusative]
onto 		an
[genitive]
off 		ynan
[dative]
across, along
company vas
[instrumental]
with
absence ir
[accusative]
without
centre ralga
[genitive]
in the middle of 		lavas
[accusative]
into the middle of 		anvas
[genitive]
from the middle of 		ervas
[dative]
around
anterior svíma
[dative]
in front of, before, opposite 		svíma
[accusative]
towards, against 		ansvíma
[genitive]
from in front of
posterior ha
[dative]
behind, after 		ha
[accusative]
behind, after 		ana
[genitive]
from behind
superior fje
[dative]
above 		fje
[accusative]
above 		anfje
[genitive]
from above
inferior taon
[dative]
below 		taon
[accusative]
below 		andaon
[genitive]
from below
vicinity nvieru
[genitive]
near 		hjeral
[genitive]
around
Radestrian temporal prepositions
before time frame after
beginning point of reference end
svíma
[dative]
before, ago 		tí
[instrumental]
within, in 		ha
[dative]
after, in
an
[genitive]
from (… on) 		ha
[accusative]
for
an
[genitive]
since, for 		yn
[accusative]
until, by, for
ý
[accusative]
during
sje
[dative]
at, with, upon (event)
er
[dative]
at (clock time)
la
[dative]
on (day), in (month)

Riyan

Etymology

From Proto-Hirdic *læ (“in”), from Proto-Laenkean *læh- (“in”).

Pronunciation

Preposition

la

  1. in, inside
    Na la dreŗa mai șiol.
    There are four chapters in the book.
  2. on (date)
    Șaohaŗ la liŗe hirta alant.
    I'm travelling on the 5th Prindine of January.
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