Appendix:Proto-Laenkean/kʼæjltʼ-: Difference between revisions
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== Proto-Laenkean == | == Proto-Laenkean == | ||
=== Root === | === Root === | ||
{{ | {{lnk-pro-vroot|zero=kʼiltʼ-}} | ||
# to {{eng|spring}} | # to {{eng|spring}} | ||
| Line 9: | Line 9: | ||
==== Derived terms ==== | ==== Derived terms ==== | ||
* '''*kʼæjltʼ-''' (bare verb) | * '''*kʼæjltʼ-''' (bare verb) {{desc tree|in=* | ||
|hrd-pro:kɛ̄́lt-<t:to fly> | |||
* | |rad-pro<see>:cêltht | ||
|ryn-pro:káiltădă | |||
|ryn:kailtad | |||
|lfv:geldad<t:to jump> | |||
}} | |||
Latest revision as of 15:45, 30 May 2024
Proto-Laenkean
Root
*kʼæjltʼ- (zero grade *kʼiltʼ-)
- to spring
Conjugation
| Reconstructed conjugation of *kʼæjltʼ- (active voice) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | ||||
| +2 | –2 | +2 | –2 | |||||||||
| imperative | *kʼæjltʼʔar | *kʼæjltʼʔæ(p?)sje | *kʼæjltʼʔær | *kʼæjltʼʔɯw(p?)sje | *kʼæjltʼʔɯwr | |||||||
| simple aspect | ||||||||||||
| indicative | non-past (*-ʔ-) |
*kʼæjltʼʔakʰus | *kʼæjltʼʔan | *kʼæjltʼʔaci | *kʼæjltʼʔæps | *kʼæjltʼʔætʼos | *kʼæjltʼʔæm | *kʼæjltʼʔætja | *kʼæjltʼʔɯwps | *kʼæjltʼʔɯwtʼos | *kʼæjltʼʔɯwm | *kʼæjltʼʔɯwtja |
| past (*-j-) |
*kʼæjltʼjekʰus | *kʼæjltʼjen | *kʼæjltʼjeci | *kʼæjltʼjajps | *kʼæjltʼjajtʼos | *kʼæjltʼjajm | *kʼæjltʼjajtja | *kʼæjltʼjawps | *kʼæjltʼjawtʼos | *kʼæjltʼjawm | *kʼæjltʼjawtja | |
| cond-subj. (*-m̥h-) |
non-past (*-ʔ-) |
*kʼæjltʼʔm̥hakʰus | *kʼæjltʼʔm̥han | *kʼæjltʼʔm̥haci | *kʼæjltʼʔm̥hæps | *kʼæjltʼʔm̥hætʼos | *kʼæjltʼʔm̥hæm | *kʼæjltʼʔm̥hætja | *kʼæjltʼʔm̥hɯwps | *kʼæjltʼʔm̥hɯwtʼos | *kʼæjltʼʔm̥hɯwm | *kʼæjltʼʔm̥hɯwtja |
| past (*-j-) |
*kʼæjltʼjm̥hekʰus | *kʼæjltʼjm̥hen | *kʼæjltʼjm̥heci | *kʼæjltʼjm̥hajps | *kʼæjltʼjm̥hajtʼos | *kʼæjltʼjm̥hajm | *kʼæjltʼjm̥hajtja | *kʼæjltʼjm̥hawps | *kʼæjltʼjm̥hawtʼos | *kʼæjltʼjm̥hawm | *kʼæjltʼjm̥hawtja | |
| optative I (*-ɯ/ib-) |
non-past (*-ʔ-) |
*kʼæjltʼʔɯbakʰus | *kʼæjltʼʔɯban | *kʼæjltʼʔɯbaci | *kʼæjltʼʔɯbæps | *kʼæjltʼʔɯbætʼos | *kʼæjltʼʔɯbæm | *kʼæjltʼʔɯbætja | *kʼæjltʼʔɯbɯwps | *kʼæjltʼʔɯbɯwtʼos | *kʼæjltʼʔɯbɯwm | *kʼæjltʼʔɯbɯwtja |
| past (*-j-) |
*kʼæjltʼjibekʰus | *kʼæjltʼjiben | *kʼæjltʼjibeci | *kʼæjltʼjibajps | *kʼæjltʼjibajtʼos | *kʼæjltʼjibajm | *kʼæjltʼjibajtja | *kʼæjltʼjibawps | *kʼæjltʼjibawtʼos | *kʼæjltʼjibawm | *kʼæjltʼjibawtja | |
| optative II (*-aw/jgʱm-) |
non-past (*-ʔ-) |
*kʼæjltʼʔawgʱmakʰus | *kʼæjltʼʔawgʱman | *kʼæjltʼʔawgʱmaci | *kʼæjltʼʔawgʱmæps | *kʼæjltʼʔawgʱmætʼos | *kʼæjltʼʔawgʱmæm | *kʼæjltʼʔawgʱmætja | *kʼæjltʼʔawgʱmɯwps | *kʼæjltʼʔawgʱmɯwtʼos | *kʼæjltʼʔawgʱmɯwm | *kʼæjltʼʔawgʱmɯwtja |
| past (*-j-) |
*kʼæjltʼjajgʱmekʰus | *kʼæjltʼjajgʱmen | *kʼæjltʼjajgʱmeci | *kʼæjltʼjajgʱmajps | *kʼæjltʼjajgʱmajtʼos | *kʼæjltʼjajgʱmajm | *kʼæjltʼjajgʱmajtja | *kʼæjltʼjajgʱmawps | *kʼæjltʼjajgʱmawtʼos | *kʼæjltʼjajgʱmawm | *kʼæjltʼjajgʱmawtja | |
| perfective aspect (*-de-) | ||||||||||||
| indicative | non-past (*-ʔ-) |
*kʼæjltʼʔadekʰus | *kʼæjltʼʔaden | *kʼæjltʼʔadeci | *kʼæjltʼʔædeps | *kʼæjltʼʔædetʼos | *kʼæjltʼʔædem | *kʼæjltʼʔædetja | *kʼæjltʼʔɯwdeps | *kʼæjltʼʔɯwdetʼos | *kʼæjltʼʔɯwdem | *kʼæjltʼʔɯwdetja |
| past (*-j-) |
*kʼæjltʼjedekʰus | *kʼæjltʼjeden | *kʼæjltʼjedeci | *kʼæjltʼjajdeps | *kʼæjltʼjajdetʼos | *kʼæjltʼjajdem | *kʼæjltʼjajdetja | *kʼæjltʼjawdeps | *kʼæjltʼjawdetʼos | *kʼæjltʼjawdem | *kʼæjltʼjawdetja | |
| cond-subj. (*-m̥h-) |
non-past (*-ʔ-) |
*kʼæjltʼʔm̥hadekʰus | *kʼæjltʼʔm̥haden | *kʼæjltʼʔm̥hadeci | *kʼæjltʼʔm̥hædeps | *kʼæjltʼʔm̥hædetʼos | *kʼæjltʼʔm̥hædem | *kʼæjltʼʔm̥hædetja | *kʼæjltʼʔm̥hɯwdeps | *kʼæjltʼʔm̥hɯwdetʼos | *kʼæjltʼʔm̥hɯwdem | *kʼæjltʼʔm̥hɯwdetja |
| past (*-j-) |
*kʼæjltʼjm̥hedekʰus | *kʼæjltʼjm̥heden | *kʼæjltʼjm̥hedeci | *kʼæjltʼjm̥hajdeps | *kʼæjltʼjm̥hajdetʼos | *kʼæjltʼjm̥hajdem | *kʼæjltʼjm̥hajdetja | *kʼæjltʼjm̥hawdeps | *kʼæjltʼjm̥hawdetʼos | *kʼæjltʼjm̥hawdem | *kʼæjltʼjm̥hawdetja | |
| optative I (*-ɯ/ib-) |
non-past (*-ʔ-) |
*kʼæjltʼʔɯbadekʰus | *kʼæjltʼʔɯbaden | *kʼæjltʼʔɯbadeci | *kʼæjltʼʔɯbædeps | *kʼæjltʼʔɯbædetʼos | *kʼæjltʼʔɯbædem | *kʼæjltʼʔɯbædetja | *kʼæjltʼʔɯbɯwdeps | *kʼæjltʼʔɯbɯwdetʼos | *kʼæjltʼʔɯbɯwdem | *kʼæjltʼʔɯbɯwdetja |
| past (*-j-) |
*kʼæjltʼjibedekʰus | *kʼæjltʼjibeden | *kʼæjltʼjibedeci | *kʼæjltʼjibajdeps | *kʼæjltʼjibajdetʼos | *kʼæjltʼjibajdem | *kʼæjltʼjibajdetja | *kʼæjltʼjibawdeps | *kʼæjltʼjibawdetʼos | *kʼæjltʼjibawdem | *kʼæjltʼjibawdetja | |
| optative II (*-aw/jgʱm-) |
non-past (*-ʔ-) |
*kʼæjltʼʔawgʱmadekʰus | *kʼæjltʼʔawgʱmaden | *kʼæjltʼʔawgʱmadeci | *kʼæjltʼʔawgʱmædeps | *kʼæjltʼʔawgʱmædetʼos | *kʼæjltʼʔawgʱmædem | *kʼæjltʼʔawgʱmædetja | *kʼæjltʼʔawgʱmɯwdeps | *kʼæjltʼʔawgʱmɯwdetʼos | *kʼæjltʼʔawgʱmɯwdem | *kʼæjltʼʔawgʱmɯwdetja |
| past (*-j-) |
*kʼæjltʼjajgʱmedekʰus | *kʼæjltʼjajgʱmeden | *kʼæjltʼjajgʱmedeci | *kʼæjltʼjajgʱmajdeps | *kʼæjltʼjajgʱmajdetʼos | *kʼæjltʼjajgʱmajdem | *kʼæjltʼjajgʱmajdetja | *kʼæjltʼjajgʱmawdeps | *kʼæjltʼjajgʱmawdetʼos | *kʼæjltʼjajgʱmawdem | *kʼæjltʼjajgʱmawdetja | |
| imperfective aspect (*-bow-) | ||||||||||||
| indicative | non-past (*-ʔ-) |
*kʼæjltʼʔabowkʰus | *kʼæjltʼʔabown | *kʼæjltʼʔabowci | *kʼæjltʼʔæbowps | *kʼæjltʼʔæbowtʼos | *kʼæjltʼʔæbowm | *kʼæjltʼʔæbowtja | *kʼæjltʼʔɯwbowps | *kʼæjltʼʔɯwbowtʼos | *kʼæjltʼʔɯwbowm | *kʼæjltʼʔɯwbowtja |
| past (*-j-) |
*kʼæjltʼjebowkʰus | *kʼæjltʼjebown | *kʼæjltʼjebowci | *kʼæjltʼjajbowps | *kʼæjltʼjajbowtʼos | *kʼæjltʼjajbowm | *kʼæjltʼjajbowtja | *kʼæjltʼjawbowps | *kʼæjltʼjawbowtʼos | *kʼæjltʼjawbowm | *kʼæjltʼjawbowtja | |
| cond-subj. (*-m̥h-) |
non-past (*-ʔ-) |
*kʼæjltʼʔm̥habowkʰus | *kʼæjltʼʔm̥habown | *kʼæjltʼʔm̥habowci | *kʼæjltʼʔm̥hæbowps | *kʼæjltʼʔm̥hæbowtʼos | *kʼæjltʼʔm̥hæbowm | *kʼæjltʼʔm̥hæbowtja | *kʼæjltʼʔm̥hɯwbowps | *kʼæjltʼʔm̥hɯwbowtʼos | *kʼæjltʼʔm̥hɯwbowm | *kʼæjltʼʔm̥hɯwbowtja |
| past (*-j-) |
*kʼæjltʼjm̥hebowkʰus | *kʼæjltʼjm̥hebown | *kʼæjltʼjm̥hebowci | *kʼæjltʼjm̥hajbowps | *kʼæjltʼjm̥hajbowtʼos | *kʼæjltʼjm̥hajbowm | *kʼæjltʼjm̥hajbowtja | *kʼæjltʼjm̥hawbowps | *kʼæjltʼjm̥hawbowtʼos | *kʼæjltʼjm̥hawbowm | *kʼæjltʼjm̥hawbowtja | |
| optative I (*-ɯ/ib-) |
non-past (*-ʔ-) |
*kʼæjltʼʔɯbabowkʰus | *kʼæjltʼʔɯbabown | *kʼæjltʼʔɯbabowci | *kʼæjltʼʔɯbæbowps | *kʼæjltʼʔɯbæbowtʼos | *kʼæjltʼʔɯbæbowm | *kʼæjltʼʔɯbæbowtja | *kʼæjltʼʔɯbɯwbowps | *kʼæjltʼʔɯbɯwbowtʼos | *kʼæjltʼʔɯbɯwbowm | *kʼæjltʼʔɯbɯwbowtja |
| past (*-j-) |
*kʼæjltʼjibebowkʰus | *kʼæjltʼjibebown | *kʼæjltʼjibebowci | *kʼæjltʼjibajbowps | *kʼæjltʼjibajbowtʼos | *kʼæjltʼjibajbowm | *kʼæjltʼjibajbowtja | *kʼæjltʼjibawbowps | *kʼæjltʼjibawbowtʼos | *kʼæjltʼjibawbowm | *kʼæjltʼjibawbowtja | |
| optative II (*-aw/jgʱm-) |
non-past (*-ʔ-) |
*kʼæjltʼʔawgʱmabowkʰus | *kʼæjltʼʔawgʱmabown | *kʼæjltʼʔawgʱmabowci | *kʼæjltʼʔawgʱmæbowps | *kʼæjltʼʔawgʱmæbowtʼos | *kʼæjltʼʔawgʱmæbowm | *kʼæjltʼʔawgʱmæbowtja | *kʼæjltʼʔawgʱmɯwbowps | *kʼæjltʼʔawgʱmɯwbowtʼos | *kʼæjltʼʔawgʱmɯwbowm | *kʼæjltʼʔawgʱmɯwbowtja |
| past (*-j-) |
*kʼæjltʼjajgʱmebowkʰus | *kʼæjltʼjajgʱmebown | *kʼæjltʼjajgʱmebowci | *kʼæjltʼjajgʱmajbowps | *kʼæjltʼjajgʱmajbowtʼos | *kʼæjltʼjajgʱmajbowm | *kʼæjltʼjajgʱmajbowtja | *kʼæjltʼjajgʱmawbowps | *kʼæjltʼjajgʱmawbowtʼos | *kʼæjltʼjajgʱmawbowm | *kʼæjltʼjajgʱmawbowtja | |