-ens

Laefevian

Alternative forms

• -ans (as part of certain compound suffixes)
• -iens (typically when derived from passive participles, heavy is-stems, or certain other stems)
• -êns (when derived from -ettis)

Etymology

From Proto-Laenkean *-(V)ntjVs. Cognate with Radestrian -aș and -nș.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /-ens/ [-ens]

Suffix

-ens (nominal, consonant stem)

1. (productive) Forms abstract nouns from adjectives denoting the state, property, quality, or measure of the base adjective; -ness, -ity, -dom.

   surǧigwis (“cruel”) → surǧigwens (“cruelty”)

   argwis (“wise”) → argwens (“wisdom”)

   bauðis (“long”) → bauðens (“length”)

   ñistis (“free”) → ñistiens (“freedom”)

   þurris (“empty”) → þurrens (“emptiness”)

   rokwis (“great”) → rokwens (“greatness”)

   živis (“great”) → živiens (“poisonousness, toxicity”)

   hulgiôzis (“apathethic”) → hulgiôziens (“apathy”)

2. (productive) Forms various abstract nouns from other nouns; -ship, -hood, -ics, -dom.

   irêst (“calculation, calculus”) → irêstens (“arithmetic”)

   eñaht (“king, queen, monarch”) → eñahtens (“kingdom, queendom, monarchy”)

   šøst (“brother”) → šøstens (“brotherhood”)

   nyþ (“sister”) → nyþens (“sisterhood”)

   irran (“human being”) → irannens (“humanity, mankind”)

Declension

Primary case declension of -ens (see Laefevian declension)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	-ens	-ensund	-ensir
accusative	-ense	-ensundi	-ensi
genitive	-ensau	-ensundas	-ensas, -ensiras†
dative	-ensun	-ensundon	-ensirons, -ensonc
locative	-ensul	-ensundos	-ensiross, -ensosc
instrumental	-ensô	-ensundêt	-ensirêts, -ensêtc
Note: † archaic, s standard or formal, c colloquial or informal.

Secondary case declension of -ens (see Laefevian declension)
accusative-based cases	singular	dual	plural
sublative	-ensere	-ensundire	-ensire
illative	-ensele	-ensundile	-ensile
benefactive	-ensear	-ensundiar	-ensiar
prolative	-ensekwe	-ensundikwe	-ensikwe
causal-final	-ensedis	-ensundirris	-ensirris
genitive-based cases	singular	dual	plural
delative	-ensôka	-ensundirka	-ensirka
elative	-ensôtan	-ensundirtan	-ensirtan
ablative	-ensaôn	-ensundiruôn	-ensiruôn
essive	-ensôjøn	-ensundirjøn	-ensirjøn
abessive	-ensôze	-ensundirse	-ensirse
dative-based cases	singular	dual	plural
terminative	-ensumas	-ensundirmas	-ensirmas
lative	-ensunši	-ensundirši	-ensirši
locative-based cases	singular	dual	plural
superessive	-ensuneres, -ensunerc	-ensundirorres, -ensundorrec	-ensirorres, -ensorrec
inessive	-ensulle	-ensundirolles, -ensundollec	-ensirolles, -ensollec
exessive	-ensunun	-ensundirsun	-ensirsun
perlative	-ensuffêl	-ensundirfêl	-ensirfêl
instrumental-based cases	singular	dual	plural
translative	-ensôske	-ensundirêskes, -ensundêskec	-ensirêskes, -ensêskec
comitative	-ensôsôds, -ensôdc	-ensundirtôds, -ensundôdc	-ensirtôd
Note: s standard or formal, c colloquial or informal.

Derived terms

▶ Laefevian terms suffixed with -ens

• -jans (“-ism”)
• -sellens (“-logy”)

See also

• -ent (collective suffix)